female reproduction Flashcards
The morphology of the uterus
- lies..
- shape
- long
- wide
- thick
- dorso-cranially-anteriorly over the bladder
- pear shaped
- 8cm
- 5cm
- 3cm
3 parts of uterus
- fundus
- body
- cervix
Cervix opens into…
fornices of vagina
what is vagina and where does it lie
- fibromuscular tube
- ant to rectum&anal canal , post to bladder
vagina begins at…
ends at…
external vaginal orifice
external os of cervix
3 layers to vagina
Outer adventitia
middle muscle layer
Interior mucosa
Outer adventitia
nerve bundles and connective tissue
middle muscle layer
most dense around vaginal opening
Interior mucosa
what cells
contains
squamous cell and contains rugae
Normal nulliparous uterus is
antiverted and antiflexed
Anti-verted
CERVIX tilts forward relative to the axis of the VAGINA
90 degrees
Anti-flexed
BODY OF UTERUS ‘’ CERVIX
125 degrees
Antiversion
UTERUS and CERVICAL AXIS oriented toward the pubic bone
antiflexion
UTERUS oriented toward the pubic bone, ant portion of uterus concave
Retroflexion
uterus oriented toward the sacrum, ‘’ ‘’ convex
Isthmus is a
circular borderline area between the body and cervix
Intravaginal portion is surrounded by
- gutter fornices- ant (near VU pouch), post (RU
pouch) - lateral fornices
Internal os is the opening from …
External os is the opening into…
body
vagina
Internal os cells
External os cells
fragile columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
ovaries. .
- shape
- long
- wide
- thick
- almond
- 1 and half to 2 inches
- 1 inch
- 1/3 inch
ovaries lie in
angle between internal and external iliacs
amount of eggs each female produces…
6-7 mil in utero
1 mil at birth
300,00 at puberty
how many eggs produced for potential conception
300 mature eggs
ovaries produce the hormones
Estrogen & Progesterone
fallopian tubes measure
8-13cm
what does millions of cilia line
fimbriae and and interior of fallopian tubes
what does the cilia do
a beat in waves 100s of times a sec
catching the egg at ovulation and moving it through the tube to the uterine cavity.
Fertilization typically occurs in
fallopian tube
UTERUS IS MADE UP OF THREE LAYERS
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Perimetrium
Outer connective layer serous layer(part of visceral peritoneum)
Myometrium
smooth muscle
no submucous layer
Endometrium
internal MUCOSAL layer
Basal (stromal layer)
where. ..
attaches. ..
just under myometrium
functional layer to myometrial tissue
Functional zone
where. ..
contains. ..
undergoes. ..
- layer closest to the cavity
- majority of glands.
- changes in monthly cycle in thicker portion
functions of Uterine glands
synthesize/transport and secrete subs needed for survival&development of the embryo or fetus
Basal (stromal layer) Makes
functional layer
functional layer builds up
after the end of menstruation (estrogen) during the
first part of the menstrual cycle -follicular phase
STAGES OF THE MESTRUAL CYCLE
- Menstruation
- follicular phase
- proliferative phase
- Ovulation
- luteal phase
- secretory phase
the peritoneum reflected from
sup surface of bladder onto fundus and body of uterus
the space inbetween this reflection is called
vesico-uterine pouch
pouch of douglas / rectouterine pouch is the reflection between…
peritoneum on the post part of uterus and ant part of rectum
round ligaments pass thru
ingunal ligament and out to the mons pubis
broad ligament is …
ovary suspended within..
a folded peritoneum (that moves at the side of uterus to the side of t pelvic wall)
peritoneal cavity by a fold of peritoneum called the mesovarium
broad ligament is made up of 3 ligaments
mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx
supports of uterus
upper
middle
lower
- round ligament and broad ligament
- transverse ligament, pubovesical,Uterosacral
- Levator ani, coccygeus and Perineal body
Pubovesical
attaches
function
- neck of bladder to pubic bone
2. maintain normal angle of vagina @45 degree
Uterosacral
- attached
- contains
- function
from the cervix to the middle of sacrum
lymphatics
helps prevent prolapse
nerve supply
Parasympathetic S2,3, 4
Sympathetic to T11 and T12,…. via hypogastric plexus
BLOOD SUPPLY TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
uterine and vaginal from …
ovarian from..
Ant and post arcuate run …
I. Iliac
abdominal aorta
in middle layer of uterus
Right ovarian vein drains into
Left ovarian vein drains into
IVC
Left renal vein
UTERUS BLOOD SUPPLY
veins are found..
under arteries
Radial branches connect
arcuate to straight
what do Arcuate arteries do
encircle endometrium
Straight arteries deliver blood to what zone
basilar
Spiral branches deliver blood towhat zone
functional
ovarian Lymphatics into
paraaortic glands at L2
THE CARDINAL LIGAMENT PASSES FROM THE
cervix to the lateral pelvic wall
