heart Flashcards
function of pericardium
Shock absorber
prevents over expansion when blood increases
limits heart movements
fibrous pericardium
- Outermost layer
- anchor heart to diaphragm and the great vessels
Serous pericardium
- —Parietal layer attached to fibrous pericardium
- –Visceral layer attached to surface of the heart and aorta, pulmonary trunk, vena cavae
The lines of reflection between visceral and parietal pericardium form ..
two pericardial sinuses… oblique and transverse
Pericardial cavity filled with
10-20 mls of serous pericardial fluid
function of pericardial fluid
lubricates pericardial cavity and prevents friction as the heart beats
Transverse pericardial sinus.. where is it
Ant to the SVC and post to the Ascending
aorta and Pulmonary Trunk
Transverse pericardial sinus.. seperates
arterial vessels (A, PT) and the venous vessels (SVC, PV)
the pericardium neurovasculature… arterial blood
Internal thoracic - Musculophrenic and
pericardiophrenic branches
Descending thoracic aorta from
bronchial, oesophageal and superior
phrenic arteries
the pericardium neurovasculature… venous blood
Venous drainage to azygous system
the pericardium neurovasculature… nerves
Phrenic nerve to fibrous
vagus and sympathetic trunks to serous
pericardium / visceral
epicardium
what is it
what is it made up of
visceral layer of pericardium
apidose and fibroelastic tissue
myocardium
muscle
endocardium
cells
covers
endothelial cells
smooth lining covers valves
Infective Endocarditis
Bacterial infection in valves, septum, chordae tendinae
Myocarditis
Often caused by viral infection
the fibrous skeleton of heart
Cardiac muscle fibers are
anchored to the ‘’ ‘’
skeleton of heart pt 2
Framework of dense collagen forms four fibrous rings
skeleton of heart surrounds
orifices of the valves
2 rings and 2 coronets
sulci
grooves on surface of heart containing coronary blood vessels and fat
coronary sulcus
Encircles heart and marks the boundary between the atria and the ventricles
- anterior interventricular sulcus
2. posterior interventricular sulcus
- Marks the boundary between the ventricles anteriorly
2. ‘’ ‘’ posteriorly
where do the two coronary arteries branch off
aorta above aortic semilunar valve
Left coronary artery arises from
L post aortic sinus
Left coronary artery passes foward
between left auricle and conus arterisus
Circumflex branch supplies
left atrium and ventricle
functions of skeleton of heart
- prevents
- attaches
- provides
- over dilated of valves
- leaflets and cusps
- electrical insulation of atria and ventricles
what drains into the great cardiac vein
Posterior, the oblique vein, middle and small cardiac veins
what drains into the coronary sinus
great cardiac vein
where does the coronary sinus empty to
right atrium
relations of Right phrenic nerve pt1
- passes anteriorly over lat part of R subc artery
- Enters the thorax via the superior thoracic inlet
- Descends anteriorly along the R lung root
relations of left phrenic nerve pt1
- passes anteriorly over med part of L subc artery
- ’’ same as R
- ’’ ‘’ L lung root
relations of Right phrenic nerve pt2
- courses along pericard. of R atrium
- pierces diaph. at opening for IVC
- innervates inf surface of dia.
relations of left phrenic nerve pt2
- crosses aortic arc & goes around vagus n
- courses along peric. of L vent.
- pierces and innervates inf surface of dia.
relations of right vagus nerve
- form post vagal trunk
- gives off R recurrent lar. nerve @ R subc art b4 descending post to peric
- enter abdomen via oesophageal hiatus of dia.
relations of Left vagus nerve
- form ant vagal trunk
- gives of L rln @ aortic arc b4 ‘’
- ’’
the vagus nerves also give..
cardiac branches which innervate to regulate heart rate
what does the crista terminalis do
separates the smooth from the ridged wall
right atrium has sinus venarum which is..
large quadrangular cavity between the SVC and the IVC
the fossa ovalis is a remnant of
embryonic inter-atrial circulation
tendon of todaro
a thickened ridge of the cardiac fibrous skeleton…
continuation of valve of IVC
right atrium wall is
smooth but the remaining wall is ridged with pectinate muscles
right ventricle seperated from r atrium by
tricuspid atrioventricular valve
right ventricle is opening by
contraction of papillary muscles pulling on chordae tendineae
left atrium wall
post and ant wall is smooth
what is the forman ovale
impression on spetal wall corresponding of fossa ovalis of R atrium
left atrium receives blood
4 pulmonary veins
left ventricle opened by
contraction of ant and post papillary muscles pulling on chordae tendineae
wall of left ventricle is
thickest part of heart
in the left ventricle the outflow to aorta is controlled by…
aortic valve (semilunar valve)
