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PPCC > Jejunum, Ileum and Colon > Flashcards

Jejunum, Ileum and Colon Flashcards

1
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

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2
Q

Divisions of small intestine

A

duodenum
ileum
jejunum

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3
Q

measurement of:
duodenum
ileum
jejunum

A

first 25cm

  1. 5m
  2. 5m
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4
Q

ILEUM

  • Feels like
  • colour
  • located
A

single wall
paler (Peyers patches)
Mainly in the lower R quadrant

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5
Q

Modifications to Increase Surface Area

A
  1. Plicae circulares
  2. Villi
  3. Microvilli
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6
Q

Plicae circulares

A

circular folds

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7
Q

villi contain

A

capillaries and lacteals.

Folds of the mucosa

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8
Q

Microvilli:

A

folds of cell membranes of absorptive cells

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9
Q

Lacteal

A

network of blood and lymph capillaries found in villi

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10
Q

how do carbs and proteins get into blood to liver

A

via hepatic portal vein

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11
Q

-Fat into lymph

A

fat-soluble toxins circulate systemically b4 going to liver for
detoxification

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12
Q

Arterial supply

A

Terminal branches of SMA
→ arterial arcades
→ vasa recta

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13
Q

Venous drainage

A

tributaries of SMV

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14
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

SM lymph nodes.

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15
Q

LARGE INTESTINE
extends from
consists of

A

from ileocecal junction to anus

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

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16
Q

features of large intestine

A

✓ Absence of villi
✓ Presence of goblet cells
✓ Deep intestinal glands

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17
Q

large intestine movements are

A

sluggish (18-24 hours)

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18
Q

large intestine function

A

Absorption of water and salts,
secretion of mucus
extensive action of microorganisms.

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19
Q

how much chyme enter the cecum

A

1500 mL

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20
Q

% of volume reabsorbed

yielding

A

90

80-150mL of faeces

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21
Q

large intestine absorbs

A

water and electrolytes

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22
Q

Ileocaecal fold

A

where Ileum joins the large intestine

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23
Q

Ileo-caecal valve

A

sphincter formed by the extension of smooth muscle from the ileum

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24
Q

position of caecum

A

inf to the ileocaecal opening.

25
Q

Appendix is attached to the

A

postero-medial wall of the caecum

26
Q

Blood supply to caecum and appendix is derived from

A

SMA

27
Q

Teniae coli

A

: 3 longitudinal muscle bands

28
Q

Appendices epiploicae

A

short peritoneal fold filled with fat

29
Q

peritoneal folds that have mesentery

A

Appendix, transverse & sigmoid colon

30
Q

Cecum covered..

A

completely by peritoneum, but has no mesentery

31
Q

Ascending & descending colon covered

A

by peritoneum anteriorly & on the sides

32
Q

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

Arterial supply

A

Ascending and proximal two-thirds by SMA

  • Ileocolic
  • Right colic
  • Middle colic
33
Q

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

Venous drainage

A

tributaries of SMV & IMV

34
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A
  • Lymph channels follow the arteries

SM and IM lymph nodes.

35
Q

RECTUM
located
description
follows

A

S3
thick muscular tunic 15 cm long
sacrococcygeal curve

36
Q

rectum: concavity is maintained by

A

puborectal sling

37
Q

Houston’s valves
what are they
what do they do

A

semi-lunar transverse folds of rectal wall

protrude into the rectum and overlap

38
Q

Houston’s valves function

A

support weight of faecal matter

39
Q

Houston’s valves

  • width
  • made of
  • supplied by
A

12mm
circular muscle coat of the rectum
sup,middle ,inf. rectal arteries

40
Q

where does the anus begin

A

where muscles pass through pelvic diaphragm

41
Q

Muscles of the anus are

A

(1) The external sphincter.
(2) The pubo-rectalis muscle
(3) The longitudinal muscle of the rectum.
(4) The internal sphincter.

42
Q

In Anal canal
superior epithelium is
inferior epithelium is

A

simple columnar

stratified squamous

43
Q

Internal anal sphincter muscle is

A

smooth

44
Q

External anal sphincter muscle is

A

skeletal muscle

45
Q

what is Hemorrhoids

A

Vein enlargement or inflammation

46
Q

Colon/Rectum covered by peritoneum

A

– Cecum
– Transverse
– Sigmoid
– Anterior descending and ascending

47
Q

Colon/Rectum NOT covered by peritoneum

A

post ascending and descending

48
Q

Secretions of the Small Intestine

A

Mucus
Digestive enzymes
Brunner’s glands

49
Q

function of mucus

A

Protects against digestive enzymes and stomach acids

50
Q

Brunner’s glands
aka
what are they
Stimulated by

A
  • Duodenal glands
  • tubular mucous glands of the submucosa
  • vagus nerve, secretin, chemical or tactile irritation of duodenal mucosa
51
Q

Intestinal crypts (of Lieberkuhn)

  • what
  • where
  • cells divide
  • secrete
A
  • tubular glands in mucosa
  • inbetween villi
  • every 3-6 days to renew epithelium
  • watery intestinal juice which mixes with chyme
52
Q

Intestinal flora

  • what is it
  • produce
A

permanent normal bacteria

vitamins, e.g. K, which get absorbed

53
Q

Hormones
Cholecystokinin stimulates… to release….
Secretin stimulates… to release….

A

GB and pancreas to release stored bile

pancreatic ducts to release acid neutralizer

54
Q

Cells of mucosa

A

Absorptive cells
Goblet cells
Endocrine cells
Granular cells (paneth cells)

55
Q

Absorptive cells w micro villi
what do they do
where

A

produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food

small intestine

56
Q

goblet cells
produce
where

A

protective mucus

colon

57
Q

Endocrine cells produce

A

regulatory hormones

58
Q

Granular cells (paneth cells): function

A

protect from bacteria

59
Q

JEJUNUM
feels like
contains
located

A

double wall..thicker than ileum
plicae circulares
mostly upper left quadrant

PPCC (48 decks)

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