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PPCC > radiotherapy > Flashcards

radiotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is radiotherapy

A

high en radiation to damage dna and ultimately kill cells

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2
Q

does of radiotherapy is measured in..

A

grays

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3
Q

what does Gy represent ?

A

am of en deposited in tissue

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4
Q

types of internal radiography

A
  • radioactive isotopes

- brachytherapy

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5
Q

radioactive isotopes ..uses & how

A
  • unsealed radioactive sources to treat systemically

- A radioactive isotope is given and taken up by the target organ

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6
Q

brachytherapy … uses

A

sealed radioactive sources in or close to the area to be treated, or directly into tumour

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7
Q

external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)

A

eg linear accelerators

invisible beam gives dose

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8
Q

patient pathway of radiotherapy

A 
pre-planning
positioning & immobilisation
localisation
treatment planning
verification
treatment
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9
Q

pre-planning (consultation)

A

consent form

treatment request form

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10
Q

treatment planning decisions on..

A

what to treat(targeted volume TV) or not (OAR)

what prescription

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11
Q

Treatments are prescribed by the Radiation Oncologist

in this format

A

Total Dose /no. of Fraction/ Duration

eg 50 Gys/ 25 hastag / 5 weeks

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12
Q

when is Dose and Fractionation decided

A

at planning stage - prescription

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13
Q

standard dose

A

2 gy per fraction

HOWEVER higher dose per fraction over a shorter period sometimes

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14
Q

total dose determinded by

A

the tumour and tolerance of critical normal tissues

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15
Q

fractionation schedules -hypofractionation

A

-Reduced total dose
– Size of the dose per fraction increased
– No. of #s decreased
– Overall time varies

opposite= hyperfractionation

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16
Q

hyperfractionation

A

radiation treatment where total dose of radiation delivered is divided into smaller doses and treatments are given more than once a day (typically 2-3 a day)

17
Q

What factors will influence the side effects a patient receives from a treatment? pt1

A

-Anatomical Site(Type of tissue)
• Energy and type of radiation used
• Total Dose given
• Dose per Fraction / Treatment Time

18
Q

What factors will influence the side effects a patient receives from a treatment? pt2

A

-Treatment Planning
• Total Volume irradiated– Volume of normal tissue irradiated
• Tolerance Doses –Dose volume constraint (DVC’s)

19
Q

consequential late effects

A

non healing acute reaction become permanent

20
Q

sub acute toxicity

  • time line
  • why
  • effects
  • symptoms
  • treated by
A
  • 6wks —6mths
  • Cells that turn over more slowly eg lung
  • Acute inflammation and Radiation Pneumonitis
  • shortness of breath fever cough
  • steriods
21
Q

types of toxicity scoring systems

A
  • EORTC/ RTOG
  • CTC AE
  • LENT /SOMA
22
Q

EORTC/ RTOG
stands for..
used when..

A
  • European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer /Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
  • acute and late setting
23
Q

EORTC/ RTOG scale

A

0-5
0=no symptoms
5=death directly related to radiation effects

24
Q

CTC AE stands for

A

common terminology criteria for adverse events

25
Q

CTC AE grades

A 
grade 1=asymptomatic/mild symptoms
2=moderate 
3=Severe or medically significant ... not lifethreating
4=Life-threatening
5=death
26
Q

LENT /SOMA stands for

A
  • Late Effects Normal Tissues

- Subjective / Objective / Management / Analytic

27
Q

LENT /SOMA stages

A

1-4

28
Q

LENT /SOMA levels of severity

A

–Occasional = monthly
– Intermittently= weekly
– Persistent = daily
– Refractory = constant

29
Q

what do we use for acute effects

A

EORTC/RTOG or CTC AE version 5

30
Q

what do we use for late effects

A 
EORTC/RTOG
or
LENT/SOMA
or
CTC AE version 5
31
Q

acute side effect

A

effects during treatment…. Toxicity that manifests itself within days or weeks of starting treament … up to 90 days after completion

32
Q

late side effects

A

months or years after treatment

33
Q

why hypofractionate

A
  • reduces the chances of the cancer cells to repopulate

- more convient for patient

34
Q

for verfication we take a

A

CBCT(cone beam computed tomography) this is where you take an image after positioning and immobilizing the patient.

3D scan that you will match to the CT that you took at the planning stage to verify that the patient is in correct position and you will be treating the target

35
Q

localisation

A

Treatment position

is patient supine or prone

PPCC (48 decks)

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