The kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

The highly vascularised kidneys lie where and under the protection of which rib?

A

Lie at the back of the upper abdominal cavity, under the protection of the 12th rib

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2
Q

Name the 3 layers that the kidney is protected by

A

Renal fascia, adipose and renal capsule

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3
Q

Describe the renal fascia layer

A

an outer, layer of dense fibrous connective tissue

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4
Q

Describe the adipose layer

A

fatty tissue

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5
Q

describe the renal capsule layer

A

thin shiny transparent membrane on the surface of each kidney

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6
Q

Name the 3 internal regions of each kidney

A

Outer cortex, inner medulla and renal pelvis

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7
Q

describe the outer cortex

A

light coloured granular appearance

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8
Q

describe the colour of the inner medulla

A

dark reddish brown colour

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9
Q

describe the tissue in the inner medulla

A

cone shaped tissue called the medullary or renal pyramids

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10
Q

what is the apex/point of each pyramid in the inner medulla known as

A

papilla

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11
Q

how many lobes does each kidney usually have

A

8

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12
Q

What is the renal pelvis

A

a central junction that the papilla of each lobe points towards

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13
Q

what is the renal pelvis continuous with

A

the ureter leaving the kidney

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14
Q

what are calyces

A

branching extensions of the renal pelvis

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15
Q

what does the calyces collect

A

the urine which drains constantly from the pyramids and empty into the renal pelvis

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16
Q

what muscle does the wall of the calyces, renal pelvis and ureter contain

A

smooth

17
Q

how is urine propelled along the renal pelvis

A

persitalsis

18
Q

what does the renal artery and renal vein do

A

renal artery enters each kidney (Carrying blood to be filtered) and renal vein leaves carrying blood away

19
Q

Describe the steps from nephron to urinary bladder

A

Nephron > collecting duct > papillary duct > calyx > renal pelvis > ureter > urethra

20
Q

What does a nephron consist of

A

Glomerulus > bowmans capsule >proximal convoluted tube > loop of Henle > distal tubule > collecting duct