Acute + Chronic

Question 1

What is the primary event of acute inflammatory responses

Answer 1

Release of inflammatory mediators

Question 2

Name an inflammatory mediator

Answer 2

Histamine

Question 3

Histamine is released from what cell and is found where

Answer 3

Mast cells found in the dermis

Question 4

So when skin is damaged and histamine is released, what does the histamine bind to and what does this cause

Answer 4

Histamine binds to specific receptors on the walls of adjacent vessels and causes vasodilation

Question 5

What does vasodilation result in

Answer 5

Redness (Erthyema) and heat

Question 6

What is responsible for uritcaria (hives)

Answer 6

Histamine

Question 7

What type of granular leukocyte also plays a role in inflammatory

Answer 7

Basophils

Question 8

Mast cells usually do not circulate what and so are found where

Answer 8

do not circulate blood stream and are found in connective and dermal tissues

Question 9

Basophils are found where and what happens after maturation

Answer 9

found in bone marrow and are released into blood circulation after maturation, may also settles in tissues if stimulated

Question 10

How are mediators of inflammation stored in basophils and mast cells

Answer 10

In granules

Question 11

Extracellular release of mediators is known as what

Answer 11

degranulation

Question 12

Degranulation may be induced by what 4 things

Answer 12

Physical destruction, chemical substances, endogenous mediators and immune mechanisms

Question 13

Look at page 24 the degranulation 4 tings

Answer 13

expand further on the 4 tings

Question 14

Mast cells have receptors to what

Answer 14

to IgE molecules on the cell surface

Question 15

What is IgE and what is it made of

Answer 15

Special type of antibody, made of B Lymphocytes

Question 16

Describe how the IgE and histamines are related

Answer 16

allergin binds to IgE and triggers the granules to release histamine

Question 17

Name an important class of inflammatory mediators

Answer 17

Chemotactic factors

Question 18

what is the function of chemotactic factors

Answer 18

released from sites of inflammation and stimulae amoeboid migration (Crawling) of leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) out of the blood stream towards the site of tissue damage

Question 19

The chemical attraction to a site of injury is known as what

Answer 19

chemotaxis

Question 20

The crawling of leukocytes through blood vessel walls to the inflamed tissue is called

Answer 20

diapedesis

Question 21

Chemotactic agents can also be released by

Answer 21

invading bacteria

Question 22

What produces Pus

Answer 22

large numbers of neutrophils within damaged tissues produces the yellowy white colour

Question 23

What is leukocytosis

Answer 23

Release of chemicals to further the release of more leukocytes from the red bone marrow to combat infection

Question 24

Once at the site of inflammation, neutrophils do what

Answer 24

Phagocytise

Question 25

What are fibroblasts

Answer 25

Tissue repairing cells

Question 26

Once bacteria and tissue debris has been removed (via phagocytise), chemo tactic agents recruit what and what does this do

Answer 26

Fibroblasts which then synthesise new tissue components, such as collagen

Question 27

Inflammation is normally specific to one area but the body can response as a whole in what way

Answer 27

Fever

Question 28

What chemical is fever caused by

Answer 28

Pyrogens

Question 29

Pyrogens is secreted by what

Answer 29

Leukocytes and macrophages (look at chart on page 27 in immune system for summary)

Question 30

TB is considered as what

Answer 30

Chronic inflammation disease

Question 31

What is the most noticeable progression of acute to chronic

Answer 31

replacement of neutrophils with agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes)

Question 32

Inflammatory response is a component of the what body defences

Answer 32

Non-specific