Acute + Chronic Flashcards
What is the primary event of acute inflammatory responses
Release of inflammatory mediators
Name an inflammatory mediator
Histamine
Histamine is released from what cell and is found where
Mast cells found in the dermis
So when skin is damaged and histamine is released, what does the histamine bind to and what does this cause
Histamine binds to specific receptors on the walls of adjacent vessels and causes vasodilation
What does vasodilation result in
Redness (Erthyema) and heat
What is responsible for uritcaria (hives)
Histamine
What type of granular leukocyte also plays a role in inflammatory
Basophils
Mast cells usually do not circulate what and so are found where
do not circulate blood stream and are found in connective and dermal tissues
Basophils are found where and what happens after maturation
found in bone marrow and are released into blood circulation after maturation, may also settles in tissues if stimulated
How are mediators of inflammation stored in basophils and mast cells
In granules
Extracellular release of mediators is known as what
degranulation
Degranulation may be induced by what 4 things
Physical destruction, chemical substances, endogenous mediators and immune mechanisms
Look at page 24 the degranulation 4 tings
expand further on the 4 tings
Mast cells have receptors to what
to IgE molecules on the cell surface
What is IgE and what is it made of
Special type of antibody, made of B Lymphocytes
Describe how the IgE and histamines are related
allergin binds to IgE and triggers the granules to release histamine
Name an important class of inflammatory mediators
Chemotactic factors
what is the function of chemotactic factors
released from sites of inflammation and stimulae amoeboid migration (Crawling) of leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) out of the blood stream towards the site of tissue damage
The chemical attraction to a site of injury is known as what
chemotaxis
The crawling of leukocytes through blood vessel walls to the inflamed tissue is called
diapedesis
Chemotactic agents can also be released by
invading bacteria
What produces Pus
large numbers of neutrophils within damaged tissues produces the yellowy white colour
What is leukocytosis
Release of chemicals to further the release of more leukocytes from the red bone marrow to combat infection
Once at the site of inflammation, neutrophils do what
Phagocytise
What are fibroblasts
Tissue repairing cells
Once bacteria and tissue debris has been removed (via phagocytise), chemo tactic agents recruit what and what does this do
Fibroblasts which then synthesise new tissue components, such as collagen
Inflammation is normally specific to one area but the body can response as a whole in what way
Fever
What chemical is fever caused by
Pyrogens
Pyrogens is secreted by what
Leukocytes and macrophages (look at chart on page 27 in immune system for summary)
TB is considered as what
Chronic inflammation disease
What is the most noticeable progression of acute to chronic
replacement of neutrophils with agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes)
Inflammatory response is a component of the what body defences
Non-specific
