Oxygen Transportation Flashcards
Majority of oxygen due to low solubility is transported in what
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin is composed of what
4 protein chains, two alpha global and two beta units. Each unit contains a heme molecule
Here is composed of what
Several carbon atoms that are linked to a central iron via nitrogen
Iron component of heme is able to bind to oxygen how
Reversibly
The higher the partial pressure of oxygen, the what? In terms of Haemoglobin
The higher the chance of oxygen being bound to Haemoglobin
What is the Haemoglobin oxygen combination called and how is it written
Oxyhemoglobin, HbO2
Haemoglobin that has released its oxygen is called
De oxyhemoglobin HHb
Arrangement of atoms in heme molecule produces what colours when oxygen is bound and when oxygen is absent
Oxygen is bound - bright red
Oxygen absent - bluish red
What is allosteric binding
When in the presence of high partial pressure of oxygen, binding of one Haemoglobin molecule to one heme group enhances the binding to the second heme group and so on
Rate at which Haemoglobin binds/releases oxygen to regulated by what factors (5)
Po2, temperature, blood pH, Pco2, concentration of organic chemicals
How does po2 effect binding in Haemoglobin
Increase in partial pressure of oxygen increase binding
How does temperature effect binding in Haemoglobin
Increasing temp causes oxygen UNloading
How does pH effect binding in Haemoglobin
If blood becomes too acidic (low pH, high H+ concentration) then HbO2 bonding is weaker and oxygen UNloading is higher
What is Bohr effect
More H+ causes O2 to dissociate from HbO2
How does pco2 effect binding in Haemoglobin
Increasing pco2 weakens the HbO2 bond as CO2 combines with H2O to produce bicarbonate and H+
How does conc of organic chemicals effect binding in Haemoglobin
BPG a chemical produced by red blood cells, high level causes oxygen unloading
From tissue to the blood plasma, what is released and picked up
Oxygen is released by the blood cells and CO2 is picked up from tissues
From lungs and blood plasma, what is picked up and what is released
Oxygen in lungs is picked up by the blood cells. CO2 in blood cells is picked up by the lungs, released into the lungs.
Oxygen in alveolus diffuses across resp membrane and combines with what in red blood cell and produces what. This then causes what reaction to occur in the red blood cell.
Oxygen combines with HHb in RBC and produces HbO2 and H+.
H+ then combines with HCO3 to make CO2 and H2O. CO2 released into alveolus
When oxygen rich blood reaches oxygen poor blood, what things promote the RELEASE of oxygen from Haemoglobin into surrounding tissues where it is required
Conc gradient and temperature
Why is only a small amount of oxygen transported in the plasma
Oxygen isn’t as soluble as carbon dioxide
