The Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the integument?

Answer 1

Outer covering of the body
(Skin,glands, hair, nails)

Question 2

What are the functions of the integument?

Answer 2

Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D production
Temperature regulation
Excretion

Question 3

What is the integument protecting against?

Answer 3

Abrasions
UV light
Microorganisms
Water loss

Question 4

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 4

Epidermis
Dermis
The subcutaneous layer (not really skin) (below the dermis)

Question 5

What is the epidermis?

Answer 5

The surface epithelial layer
Prevents water loss and abrasion damage

Question 6

What is the dermis?

Answer 6

An underlying dense connective tissue layer
Structural strength

Question 7

What does the dermis do?

Answer 7

Carries out majority of the functions of the skin

Question 8

What connective tissue fibres are present in the dermis?

Answer 8

Collagen/ elastin fibres
Fibroblast cells

Question 9

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 9

Papillary layer (superficial)
Reticular layer (deeper)

Question 10

What is contained within the papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 10

Fine collagenous and elastin fibres
Blood vessels

Question 11

What is contained within the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 11

Dense fibres

Question 12

What is contained within the dermis?

Answer 12

Hair follicles
Sensory receptors
Sweat and sebaceous glands
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

Question 13

How does the dermis handle growth and repair?

Answer 13

Does NOT continuously shed and regenerate (only in the epidermis)
Wound healing: fibroblasts proliferate
Collagen fibres
Over stretched skin= damage to dermis

Question 14

The epidermis is avascular. What does this mean?

Answer 14

Doesn’t have blood vessels

Question 15

In the epidermis which layer is the cells generated?

Answer 15

Basal layer/ stratum basale

Question 16

What process is responsible for the epidermis being waterproof?

Answer 16

Keratinisation

Question 17

What are the cell types in the epidermis?

Answer 17

Basal cells (precursor of keratinocytes)
Keratinocytes (contains keratin) (90% of cells in skin)
Melanocytes (filter Uv lights) (pigment producing cell)
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells (sensory cells)

Question 18

What are the cell layers in the epidermis?

Answer 18

Stratum germinativum (growth layer)
Stratum basal
Stratum spinous
Stratum granulocytes (granular layer)
Stratum lucidium (clear layer)
Stratum corneum

Question 19

What cells are present in the stratum basal layer of the epidermis?

Answer 19

Basal cells
Merkel cells
Melanocytes

Question 20

What cells are present in the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis?

Answer 20

Keratinocytes
Keratin and lipid
Basal cells
Langerhans cells

Question 21

What happens in the stratum granulosum cell layer in the epidermis?

Answer 21

Cells deposit keratin
Superficial cells begin to degenerate

Question 22

What cells are present in the stratum lucidium layer of the epidermis?

Answer 22

Dead cells
More keratin
More lipid

Question 23

What cells are present in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis?

Answer 23

Dead cells filled with keratin (constantly shed)

Question 24

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 24

Eccrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands

Question 25

What are the characteristics of the eccrine sweat gland?

Answer 25

Open directly through sweat pores Function throughout life Secretes water with a few salts Eliminates waste and cools body

Question 26

What are the characteristics of the apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 26

Open into hair follicles Limited distribution (armpits/ genitalia) Begins to function at puberty

Question 27

What are the characteristics of the sebaceous glands?

Answer 27

Open into hair follicles Secrete sebum Anti-fungal activity

Question 28

What does skin colour depend on?

Answer 28

Pigments Blood Thickness of stratum corneum

Question 29

What is melanin?

Answer 29

Group of pigments

Question 30

What are the characteristics of melanin?

Answer 30

Produced by melanocytes Protects from UV Production affected by UV, hormones and genetics

Question 31

Wher do we get different types of vitamin D from?

Answer 31

D3 from UV D2 and D8 from diet

Question 32

What is the process of vitamin D production?

Answer 32

UV light converts a form of cholesterol to cholecalciferol(D3) (a precursor for vitamin D) Blood transports precursor to liver and kidneys (where vitaminD is produced)

Question 33

What is vitamin D used for?

Answer 33

Absorption of calcium and phosphorus