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PMP 101 > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the integument?

A

Outer covering of the body
(Skin,glands, hair, nails)

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2
Q

What are the functions of the integument?

A

Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D production
Temperature regulation
Excretion

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3
Q

What is the integument protecting against?

A

Abrasions
UV light
Microorganisms
Water loss

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4
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
The subcutaneous layer (not really skin) (below the dermis)

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5
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The surface epithelial layer
Prevents water loss and abrasion damage

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6
Q

What is the dermis?

A

An underlying dense connective tissue layer
Structural strength

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7
Q

What does the dermis do?

A

Carries out majority of the functions of the skin

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8
Q

What connective tissue fibres are present in the dermis?

A

Collagen/ elastin fibres
Fibroblast cells

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9
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer (superficial)
Reticular layer (deeper)

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10
Q

What is contained within the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

Fine collagenous and elastin fibres
Blood vessels

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11
Q

What is contained within the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Dense fibres

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12
Q

What is contained within the dermis?

A

Hair follicles
Sensory receptors
Sweat and sebaceous glands
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

How does the dermis handle growth and repair?

A

Does NOT continuously shed and regenerate (only in the epidermis)
Wound healing: fibroblasts proliferate
Collagen fibres
Over stretched skin= damage to dermis

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14
Q

The epidermis is avascular. What does this mean?

A

Doesn’t have blood vessels

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15
Q

In the epidermis which layer is the cells generated?

A

Basal layer/ stratum basale

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16
Q

What process is responsible for the epidermis being waterproof?

A

Keratinisation

17
Q

What are the cell types in the epidermis?

A

Basal cells (precursor of keratinocytes)
Keratinocytes (contains keratin) (90% of cells in skin)
Melanocytes (filter Uv lights) (pigment producing cell)
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells (sensory cells)

18
Q

What are the cell layers in the epidermis?

A

Stratum germinativum (growth layer)
Stratum basal
Stratum spinous
Stratum granulocytes (granular layer)
Stratum lucidium (clear layer)
Stratum corneum

19
Q

What cells are present in the stratum basal layer of the epidermis?

A

Basal cells
Merkel cells
Melanocytes

20
Q

What cells are present in the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Keratin and lipid
Basal cells
Langerhans cells

21
Q

What happens in the stratum granulosum cell layer in the epidermis?

A

Cells deposit keratin
Superficial cells begin to degenerate

22
Q

What cells are present in the stratum lucidium layer of the epidermis?

A

Dead cells
More keratin
More lipid

23
Q

What cells are present in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis?

A

Dead cells filled with keratin (constantly shed)

24
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the eccrine sweat gland?

A

Open directly through sweat pores
Function throughout life
Secretes water with a few salts
Eliminates waste and cools body

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the apocrine sweat glands?

A

Open into hair follicles
Limited distribution (armpits/ genitalia)
Begins to function at puberty

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the sebaceous glands?

A

Open into hair follicles
Secrete sebum
Anti-fungal activity

28
Q

What does skin colour depend on?

A

Pigments
Blood
Thickness of stratum corneum

29
Q

What is melanin?

A

Group of pigments

30
Q

What are the characteristics of melanin?

A

Produced by melanocytes
Protects from UV
Production affected by UV, hormones and genetics

31
Q

Wher do we get different types of vitamin D from?

A

D3 from UV
D2 and D8 from diet

32
Q

What is the process of vitamin D production?

A

UV light converts a form of cholesterol to cholecalciferol(D3) (a precursor for vitamin D)
Blood transports precursor to liver and kidneys (where vitaminD is produced)

33
Q

What is vitamin D used for?

A

Absorption of calcium and phosphorus

PMP 101 (28 decks)

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