Enzymes And Catalysis Flashcards
What is the definition of enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up specific enzymatic reactions.
What are the enzymatic properties?
Specific for substrates
Catalytic power
Efficient and not altered after the reaction
Can be regulated
What affects the function of enzymes?
Temperature
Ionic conditions
pH
Substrate concentration
Presence of inhibitors
What is kinetics?
Kinetics is the study of reaction rates.
What do competitive enzyme inhibitors do?
Compete with the substrate by binding to the active site and blocking it.
What do non competitive enzyme inhibitors do?
Bind to a site on the enzyme which is not the active site, which causes conformational change in the enzyme and the block of the catalytic activity.
What do activator ions do?
Reversible bond to the enzyme and often participate in the substrate bonding.
What do metal ions do?
Cations that are tightly bond to an enzyme and participates directly in catalysis.
What happens to cosubstrates during the enzyme reaction?
Altered during the course of the reaction and dissociate from the active site.
Weakly bound to an enzyme
How are prosthetic groups attached to an enzyme?
Tightly bound to the enzyme or even attached through a covalent bond.
Must be regenerated each catalytic cycle.
What are holoenzymes?
A complete catalytically active enzyme together with its cofactors is called a holoenzyme.
What are apoenzymes?
The protein part of a holoenzyme on its own without its cofactor.
What are the 7 enzyme classifications?
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Lysases
Isomerases
Ligases
Translocases
What is the purpose of oxidoreductases?
Transfer of electrons from one molecule.
What is the purpose of transferases?
Transfer reactions.
