The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle And Interphase Flashcards
What is the resting state of a cell called?
G0
When a cell reaches a certain size what two things can it do?
Stay in the resting phase G0
Cell can divide
What can uncontrolled cell division lead to?
Cancer
Where are the three main positions where checkpoints are in the cycle?
G1/ S
G2/ M
Metaphase/ Anaphase
What needs to happen to progress every checkpoint of the cell cycle?
Cyclically activated Cyclin-dependant protein kinases (Cdks)
How do Cdks become active?
Must bind to a specific regulatory protein called cyclin
Must also be in a particular phosphorylation state
What happens in the G1 phase?
Period of metabolic activity
Cell growth
General repair
Prepare for cell division
What needs to be present at the G1/S checkpoint?
Cell size
Presence of nutrients
DNA integrities
What phases make up interphase?
G1+G0+S+G2
What happens during the S phase?
DNA is replicated
Highly regulated
S-Cdks activates helicases and other proteins to form the replication fork and take initiate the DNA replication
Centrosomes are duplicated
Chromatids are connected by cohesion’s
What happens during G phase?
Rapid cell growth
Protein synthesis
Prepare for mitosis
Check for unreplicated or damaged DNA
What needs to be checked at the G2/ mitosis checkpoint?
Proteins involved in mitosis are activated
DNA is fully replicated
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase
Prometaohase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
What happens in prophase?
Condensation of chromosomes
Chromatin is condensed to chromosomes
Transcription ceased
Mitotic spindle assembles between two centromeres
What happens in prometaphase?
Nuclear envelope breakdown
Centrosomes at 2 spindle pairs
