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PMP 101 > The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle And Interphase > Flashcards

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle And Interphase Flashcards

1
Q

What is the resting state of a cell called?

A

G0

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2
Q

When a cell reaches a certain size what two things can it do?

A

Stay in the resting phase G0
Cell can divide

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3
Q

What can uncontrolled cell division lead to?

A

Cancer

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4
Q

Where are the three main positions where checkpoints are in the cycle?

A

G1/ S
G2/ M
Metaphase/ Anaphase

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5
Q

What needs to happen to progress every checkpoint of the cell cycle?

A

Cyclically activated Cyclin-dependant protein kinases (Cdks)

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6
Q

How do Cdks become active?

A

Must bind to a specific regulatory protein called cyclin
Must also be in a particular phosphorylation state

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7
Q

What happens in the G1 phase?

A

Period of metabolic activity
Cell growth
General repair
Prepare for cell division

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8
Q

What needs to be present at the G1/S checkpoint?

A

Cell size
Presence of nutrients
DNA integrities

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9
Q

What phases make up interphase?

A

G1+G0+S+G2

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10
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

DNA is replicated
Highly regulated
S-Cdks activates helicases and other proteins to form the replication fork and take initiate the DNA replication
Centrosomes are duplicated
Chromatids are connected by cohesion’s

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11
Q

What happens during G phase?

A

Rapid cell growth
Protein synthesis
Prepare for mitosis
Check for unreplicated or damaged DNA

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12
Q

What needs to be checked at the G2/ mitosis checkpoint?

A

Proteins involved in mitosis are activated
DNA is fully replicated

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13
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase
Prometaohase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

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14
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Condensation of chromosomes
Chromatin is condensed to chromosomes
Transcription ceased
Mitotic spindle assembles between two centromeres

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15
Q

What happens in prometaphase?

A

Nuclear envelope breakdown
Centrosomes at 2 spindle pairs

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16
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes aligned at the equator of spindle

17
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separated

18
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Reformation of nuclear envelopes

19
Q

What happen during cytokinesis?

A

Separation of two cells
Divided by a contractile ring

20
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death induced by external and internal stimuli

21
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Accidental cell death causing rupturing of cells and leakage into surrounding tissue

22
Q

What activates initiator caspases?

A

Apoptosis and necrosis

23
Q

What do initiator caspases do?

A

Cleave, and activate down stream executioner caspases, whip her dismember numerous key proteins to help kill the cells quickly and neatly.

PMP 101 (28 decks)

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