Mammalian Cell Structure And Organelles

Question 1

What is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus.

Question 2

What are the roles of a nucleus?

Answer 2

Controls cellular activities
Houses genomic DNA
Site of DNA replication

Question 3

What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Double membrane (inner and outer)
Inner divines nucleus
Outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the endo reticulum
Fuse at pores to allow movement of molecules

Question 4

What three structures are inside the nucleus?

Answer 4

Nucleolus
Nuclear Lamina
Genome arrangement

Question 5

What is a nucleolus?

Answer 5

Site of synthesis of ribosomal RNA
Where individual ribosome subunits are assembled

Question 6

What is a nuclear lamina?

Answer 6

Lines the inner face of the nuclear membrane
Regulates events

Question 7

What is a genome arrangement?

Answer 7

Linear DNA are wrapped around his tones to form chromatin
Nucleosomes are chromatin units
Further condensation allows chromatin to form chromosomes

Question 8

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 8

Pathway of proteins
To allow package of proteins and lipids

Question 9

What is involved in the endomembrane system?

Answer 9

Nucleus
Endoplasmic recticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vesicles

Question 10

What are the roles of the endoplasmic recticulum?

Answer 10

Connect to the nuclear envelope
Forms a network of membranous tubes and flattened sacs called cisternae

Question 11

Structure and roles of smooth ER

Answer 11

Lacks ribosomes
Production of lipids
Stores and releases calcium ions
Detoxification of drugs and alcohol in liver cells

Question 12

Structure and roles of rough ER

Answer 12

With ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Protein sorting

Question 13

Structure and roles of transport vesicles

Answer 13

Enclosed membranous compartments
Lipid bilayer
Cell transport mechanism

Question 14

Structure and roles of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs
3 main regions ( cis face, medial, trans face)
Protein modification
Lipid modification
Protein sorting or export

Question 15

What are the functions of mitochondrion?

Answer 15

Energy conversion
Regulation of programmed cell death
Heat production
Calcium homeostasis

Question 16

Structure of mitochondrion

Answer 16

Double-layered
4 distinct parts ( outer membrane, inter membrane space, inner membrane folded into Cristal, matrix)

Question 17

What is the function of the cilia?

Answer 17

To move or sweep fluid or materials over its surface.

Question 18

What is the function of peroxisome?

Answer 18

Oxidative breakdown of fatty acids, amino acids and toxic molecules.

Question 19

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 19

Responsible for cell shape, providing mechanical resistance as well as it allows organelles to move within its cell.

Question 20

What is the function of lysosome?

Answer 20

Digestion of large molecules, organelles or microorganisms.