Cells As Fundamental Units Of Life Flashcards
Levels of organisation in the human body…
Cell> tissue> organ> organ system> organism
What organisms exert all the life functions?
Unicellular
What organisms only exert few specialised functions?
Multicellular
What organisms are in all bacteria?
Unicellular
What organisms are in parasites, plants and animals?
Multicellular
What is the use of a light microscope?
To observe living cells in a tissue and some internal structures.
What is the use of a fluorescent microscope?
To visualise and monitor the localisation of labelled molecules within a cell or tissue.
What is the use of an electron microscope?
To obtain high resolution images, using a beam of electrons as the source of illuminating radiation.
Every cell has…
Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Ribosomes
DNA molecule (with genome)
What is the definition of macromolecules?
Polymers made by specific repeating molecular units, monomers.
What is the definition of monomer?
Building blocks that join to form polymers.
What 4 major organic molecules do cells of organisms contain?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nuclei acids
What is the definition of anabolism?
Cells link monomers together to form a polymer through polymerisation or condensation reactions.
What is the definition of catabolism?
Polymers are broken down into smaller molecules by hydrolysis.
What two functions happen in metabolism?
Catabolism and anabolism.
What are the prokaryotic cells surface layers?
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Glycocalyx
What is the intracellular composition of prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Circular DNA
Inclusion bodies
Plasmids
What are the appendages of a prokaryotic cell?
Flagellum
Pili/Fimbriae
Sex pilus
What is the intracellular composition of eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Plasma membrane is…
A lipid bilayer made of phospholipids and proteins.
Cell wall is…
A rigid structure composed of peptidoglycans.
Glycocalyx is…
A capsule or slime layer that protects against dehydration, immune system and antibiotics.
What is the cytoplasm?
All the material inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
What is the cytosol?
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles.
