The integumentary system (1) Flashcards
1
Q
Components of the integumentary system
A
- skin
- hair
- nails
- some nerves
- some glands
2
Q
Functions of the intergumentary system
A
- shiel/barrier to external environment
- protects against disease and infection
- regulates body temperature
- touch/sensitivity
- retention of body fluids (stores water and prevent dehydration)
3
Q
Langerhans cells
A
- a type of white blood cell that act like macrophanges to digest and breakdown bacteria
- activated during healing process + microbial and viral infections
- Found in al layers fo the epidermis
- more abundant in the squameous layer
4
Q
Structure (layers) of the skin
A
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous adipose layer
5
Q
What is the epidermis ?
A
- most superfecial layer of the skin
- made up of epithelial tissue
- eithelial cells are specilaised in stratified layers
- makes a sucessful barrier
6
Q
they are 4
What are the different layers of the epidermis ?
A
- Granular layer
- The basal layer
- Specialised cells called CORNEOCYTES
- Squamous epithelial tissue
7
Q
Basal layer
A
- column like epithelial cells
- regular shape and size
- attached to basement membrane
8
Q
Squamous epithelial tissue
A
- epithelial cells are flat
- organisation is irregular
- 5-10 cells thick
9
Q
Granular layer
A
- cells contain granules (e.g melanin)
- contains protective products to increase skin barrier function
- protect from UV lights
- 1-3 cells thick
10
Q
Specilaised cells: Corneocytes
A
- filled entirely with KERATIN
- no nucleus
- kertin stops water loss from inside
- prevents penetration of water from outside
11
Q
Melanocytes
A
- it is a pigment syhthesising cells
- cell found in the epidermis (hair$iris)
- responsible for the production of melanin
- responsible for the transportation to Karatinocytes via melnosome
- Large melanasomes are found in heviligy pigmented areas of the skin
- melanososmes are taken up into keratinocytes and protect from the UV radiations
12
Q
What is the dermis ?
A
- **Deepr layer of the skin **
- contains extracellular matrix (collagen)
- contains fibroblasts (speicialised celll) that produce collagen giving* **flexibility ad structure **
- thickest layer
- has its own blood supply
13
Q
what are the 2 layers of the dermis ?
A
- papilary dermis
- reticular dermis
14
Q
what are the 2 layers of the dermis ?
A
- papilary dermis
- reticular dermis
15
Q
papillary dermis
A
- uppermost layer
- joined to basal memembrane of epidermis
- loosely arranged collagen
- contains papillae (finger-like), extend towards epidermis containing capillaries and Meissners corpuscleus
16
Q
reticular dermis
A
- lower layer
- dense connective tissue, desnley packed collagen and elestic fibres
- contains roots of hair (sebaceous glands and seat glands )
16
Q
reticular dermis
A
- lower layer
- dense connective tissue, desnley packed collagen and elestic fibres
- contains roots of hair (sebaceous glands and seat glands )
17
Q
subcutaneous adipose tissue
A
- helps with thermoregulation
- stores energy for use
- controles some hormones
- made up of fat (adipose tissue)
18
Q
what are the 2 types of skin aging ?
A
- Chronologically aged skin
- Photoaged skin
19
Q
what are the chracteristics of Chronologically aged skin ?
A
- thin
- dry
- finley wrinkled
20
Q
what are the chracteristics of
phototaged skin
A
- caused by esposure to sunlight
- leathery
- lax deep wrickles
- uneven pigmenetation
- telangiectasia (visible blood vessels)
- lentigines (age/brown spots)
21
Q
what are the reduced functions in aging skin?
A
- slower healing reponse
- loss of elasticity
- reduction in collagen
- damaged GAGs (less water retention within ECM)
22
Q
what are the theories of skin aging?
A
- Oxidative stress
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Celleular senescence
- UV radiation
23
Q
what is trans epidermal water loss ?
(TEWL)
A
- when water passes from dermis thorugh to epidermis and evaporates from surface of the skin
- causes dry skin
24
Q
Main functions of moisturisers
A
- increase water content of the STRATUM CORNEUM
- smooths skin
- anti inflammatory properties
- Can stop skin itching
25
Q
How do moisturisers work on skin?
A
- Occlusives
- Emollients
- Humecrants
26
Q
How do occlusives work ?
A
- act as barrier on top of stratus corneum
- stops water from escaping skin
- streghntens lipid framework
- long acting (e.g vasiline)
26
Q
How do occlusives work ?
A
- act as barrier on top of stratus corneum
- stops water from escaping skin
- streghntens lipid framework
- long acting (e.g vasiline)
27
Q
How do emollients work ?
A
- penetrate stratus corneus
- fill spaces between corneocytes (e.g E45)
28
Q
How do emollients work ?
A
- enter stratum corneum, attracts moisture from the environment and retains it in the stratum corneum
- componenet of many moistures (e.g butylene, urea)
