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Human Anatomy & Physiology > The integumentary system (1) > Flashcards

The integumentary system (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the integumentary system

A
  1. skin
  2. hair
  3. nails
  4. some nerves
  5. some glands
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2
Q

Functions of the intergumentary system

A
  1. shiel/barrier to external environment
  2. protects against disease and infection
  3. regulates body temperature
  4. touch/sensitivity
  5. retention of body fluids (stores water and prevent dehydration)
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3
Q

Langerhans cells

A
  • a type of white blood cell that act like macrophanges to digest and breakdown bacteria
  • activated during healing process + microbial and viral infections
  • Found in al layers fo the epidermis
  • more abundant in the squameous layer
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4
Q

Structure (layers) of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous adipose layer
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5
Q

What is the epidermis ?

A
  • most superfecial layer of the skin
  • made up of epithelial tissue
  • eithelial cells are specilaised in stratified layers
  • makes a sucessful barrier
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6
Q

they are 4

What are the different layers of the epidermis ?

A
  1. Granular layer
  2. The basal layer
  3. Specialised cells called CORNEOCYTES
  4. Squamous epithelial tissue
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7
Q

Basal layer

A
  • column like epithelial cells
  • regular shape and size
  • attached to basement membrane
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8
Q

Squamous epithelial tissue

A
  • epithelial cells are flat
  • organisation is irregular
  • 5-10 cells thick
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9
Q

Granular layer

A
  • cells contain granules (e.g melanin)
  • contains protective products to increase skin barrier function
  • protect from UV lights
  • 1-3 cells thick
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10
Q

Specilaised cells: Corneocytes

A
  • filled entirely with KERATIN
  • no nucleus
  • kertin stops water loss from inside
  • prevents penetration of water from outside
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11
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • it is a pigment syhthesising cells
  • cell found in the epidermis (hair$iris)
  • responsible for the production of melanin
  • responsible for the transportation to Karatinocytes via melnosome
  • Large melanasomes are found in heviligy pigmented areas of the skin
  • melanososmes are taken up into keratinocytes and protect from the UV radiations
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12
Q

What is the dermis ?

A
  • **Deepr layer of the skin **
  • contains extracellular matrix (collagen)
  • contains fibroblasts (speicialised celll) that produce collagen giving* **flexibility ad structure **
  • thickest layer
  • has its own blood supply
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13
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis ?

A
  1. papilary dermis
  2. reticular dermis
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14
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis ?

A
  1. papilary dermis
  2. reticular dermis
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15
Q

papillary dermis

A
  1. uppermost layer
  2. joined to basal memembrane of epidermis
  3. loosely arranged collagen
  4. contains papillae (finger-like), extend towards epidermis containing capillaries and Meissners corpuscleus
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16
Q

reticular dermis

A
  1. lower layer
  2. dense connective tissue, desnley packed collagen and elestic fibres
  3. contains roots of hair (sebaceous glands and seat glands )
16
Q

reticular dermis

A
  1. lower layer
  2. dense connective tissue, desnley packed collagen and elestic fibres
  3. contains roots of hair (sebaceous glands and seat glands )
17
Q

subcutaneous adipose tissue

A
  1. helps with thermoregulation
  2. stores energy for use
  3. controles some hormones
  4. made up of fat (adipose tissue)
18
Q

what are the 2 types of skin aging ?

A
  1. Chronologically aged skin
  2. Photoaged skin
19
Q

what are the chracteristics of Chronologically aged skin ?

A
  • thin
  • dry
  • finley wrinkled
20
Q

what are the chracteristics of
phototaged skin

A
  • caused by esposure to sunlight
  • leathery
  • lax deep wrickles
  • uneven pigmenetation
  • telangiectasia (visible blood vessels)
  • lentigines (age/brown spots)
21
Q

what are the reduced functions in aging skin?

A
  1. slower healing reponse
  2. loss of elasticity
  3. reduction in collagen
  4. damaged GAGs (less water retention within ECM)
22
Q

what are the theories of skin aging?

A
  1. Oxidative stress
  2. Mitochondrial dysfunction
  3. Celleular senescence
  4. UV radiation
23
Q

what is trans epidermal water loss ?
(TEWL)

A
  • when water passes from dermis thorugh to epidermis and evaporates from surface of the skin
  • causes dry skin
24
Q

Main functions of moisturisers

A
  1. increase water content of the STRATUM CORNEUM
  2. smooths skin
  3. anti inflammatory properties
  4. Can stop skin itching
25
Q

How do moisturisers work on skin?

A
  1. Occlusives
  2. Emollients
  3. Humecrants
26
Q

How do occlusives work ?

A
  1. act as barrier on top of stratus corneum
  2. stops water from escaping skin
  3. streghntens lipid framework
  4. long acting (e.g vasiline)
26
Q

How do occlusives work ?

A
  1. act as barrier on top of stratus corneum
  2. stops water from escaping skin
  3. streghntens lipid framework
  4. long acting (e.g vasiline)
27
Q

How do emollients work ?

A
  1. penetrate stratus corneus
  2. fill spaces between corneocytes (e.g E45)
28
Q

How do emollients work ?

A
  1. enter stratum corneum, attracts moisture from the environment and retains it in the stratum corneum
  2. componenet of many moistures (e.g butylene, urea)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (24 decks)

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