the heart Flashcards
what is the heart ?
A muscolar pump whih functions to drive blood around the body
what is the size of a heart ?
a clenched fist
Functions of the heart
- Transport of oxygen to the body
- Transport of nutrients to the bisy
- Removal of waste products
- Immune system
- aracrine system
Functions of the heart
- Transport of oxygen to the body
- Transport of nutrients to the bisy
- Removal of waste products
- Immune system
- aracrine system
what are the 2 parallel circulatory systems in the heart ?
- Pulmonary circulation
- Systematic circulation
where to veins carry blood ?
Veins always carry blood to the heart
where do arteries carry blood ?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
wat does the vene cava do ?
- Carries deoxygenated blood from body to heart
- Superior vene cava carries blood from head to upper body
- Inferior vena cava carries blood from lower body
What do pulmunary veins do ?
- Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
What does the aorta do ?
- Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body
what does the pulmonary artery do ?
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
what does the pulmonary artery do ?
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
What do ventriecles do ?
- Responsible for pumping blood through arteries
- Thick muscular wall
- Left ventricle has thicker wall then right because it does more work
- The 2 ventricles are separated by a muscular septum
What is the Atria and its characteristics?
- Atrium means hall
- Receive incoming blood from veins
- Contraction of atria pushes blood into ventricles
- Thin walls
- Valves prevent blood from ventricles going back into atria
What are the names of the 2 semilunar valves ?
Pulmunary valve & Aortic valve
What does the pulmonary valve do ?
- Regulated blood flow from right ventricle into the pulmunary artery
What does the aortic valve do ?
Regulates blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
What are the 2 atrioventricular valves ?
Mitral valve & Tricuspid valve
What does the mitral valve do ?
- Shaped like a Bishop’s hat (a mitre)
- Regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle
- Two leaflets (bicuspid)
What doe the tricuspid valve do ?
- Regulates blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle
- Three leaflets (tricuspid)
what does the Coronary vasculature
do ?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
what does the Coronary vasculature
do ?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
what are the structure of the hart wall ?
- Pericardium :Outer layer of connective tissue
- Epicardium Role in homeostasis and regeneration
- Pericardial cavity: contains lubricant
- Myocardium: the contractile part of the heart
- Endocardium: inner layer of protective epithelium
What is a systole ?
Squeezing
What is a diastole ?
Dilation
what are cardiomyocytes ?
striated muscle cells containing filaments of contractile proteins
what are cardiomyocytes ?
striated muscle cells containing filaments of contractile proteins
What is a conduction system ?
A network of nerve cell-like cardiomyocytes which generate and propagate electrical impulses which serve to control heart contraction
How does the conduction system work?
- The Sino-atrial (SA) node
- The atrio-ventricular (AV) node
- The Bundle of His
Why are cardiomyocytes connected by gap junctions?
To permit transmission of the electrical signals required to coordinate contraction
The function of the atrio-ventricular node is to:
Delay the transmission of action potentials to the ventricles until after the atria have contracted
