Skeletons and Muscle (1) Flashcards
1
Q
function of bones and skeleton
A
- structural support
- Protects the internal organs
- Is home to the bone marrow which produces blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis.
- Acts as a mineral store for many processes
- Underpins movements by attachment to muscles via tendons
2
Q
what are the 4 calssifications of bones ?
A
- Long (e.g. humerus in arm or femur in leg)
- Flat (bones of the skull or sternum)
- Irregular (vertebrae)
- Short (e.g talus/cuneiform bones in foot)
3
Q
what are the 2 structures in whoch the skeleton is divided in ?
A
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
4
Q
what is the axial skeleton ?
A
- long axis of bosy including the skull spine and rib cage
5
Q
what is the appendicular skeleton ?
A
- bone of all linbs and girdles thta join them to axial skeleton
6
Q
what 3 sections is the vertebrae devided in ?
A
- Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7, make up neck portion of the spine)
- Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12, make up upper back)
- Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5, make up the lower part of the back)
7
Q
what 3 sections is the vertebrae devided in ?
A
- Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7, make up neck portion of the spine)
- Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12, make up upper back)
- Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5, make up the lower part of the back)
8
Q
what are the bones of the upper limb
A
- Calvicle
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpus
- Metacarpus
- Phalanges
9
Q
what are the bones in the anterior view of the pelvis ?
A
- Sacrum
- Ilium
- Pubis
- Ischium
- Pubic Symphasys
10
Q
what are the bones in the posterior view of the pelvis ?
A
- Ilium, Pubis Ischium (heap bone)
- Coccyx
11
Q
whata re the bones is the lower limb ?
A
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
12
Q
bones of the foot
A
- Phalanges
- Metatarsals
- Cuneiforms
13
Q
what are the 2 types of bone tissue
A
- Spongy bones (inner bone and porous)
- Compact bone (outer bone and rigid )
14
Q
what are the 2 types of cells in bone tissues ?
A
- OSTEOBLASTS: responsible for the production of bone proteins (e.g. collagen I)
- OSTEOCLASTS: responsible for emodelling bone, using enzymes to organise the proteins to **mantain structural integrity **
15
Q
what can stem cells differenciate into ?
A
- Red blood cells - carry O2 to other tissues
- White blood cells - fight infections and it’s part of the immune system
- Platelet- iposrtant in blood clotting duting injury
16
Q
what can stem cells differenciate into ?
A
- Red blood cells - carry O2 to other tissues
- White blood cells - fight infections and it’s part of the immune system
- Platelet- iposrtant in blood clotting duting injury
17
Q
what are the main minrals stores in bones ?
A
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Sodium
17
Q
what are the main minrals stores in bones ?
A
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Sodium
