The Holocaust Flashcards
1
Q
How many Jews died in the Holocaust?
A
6 million
2
Q
What was the Holocaust called by the nazis?
A
“The Final Solution to the Jewish Problem”
3
Q
When did Hitler get into power?
A
1933
4
Q
Before the war, where did most Eastern European Jews live?
A
In shetls
5
Q
How many Jews lived in Europe in 1933?
A
9.5m
6
Q
Who started the Nazi party?
A
Anton Drexter
7
Q
What percentage of the vote did Hitler get in 1930?
A
18%
8
Q
What percentage of the vote did Hitler get in 1932?
A
36%
9
Q
When were the Berlin Olympics?
A
1936
10
Q
Who was Josef Goebbels?
A
Minister of Propaganda
11
Q
Who was the Minister of propaganda?
A
Josef Goebbels
12
Q
How many people did the Nazi police arrest without trial?
A
162,000
13
Q
How did Hitler join the DAP?
A
He attended one of their meetings as a spy, but found out that he agreed with most of their policies.
14
Q
Who did the Nazi party rally against? (3)
A
Communists, Jews, and the Weimar Republic
15
Q
What was the Nazi Party originally called and what did it stand for?
A
DAP- German Worker’s Party
16
Q
When did the DAP change its name to the Nazi Party and what did it stand for?
A
August 1920
National Socialist German Worker’s Party
17
Q
When did the Nazis adopt the swastika as their emblem?
A
August 1920
18
Q
How many people were part of the DAP in June 1920?
A
1,100
19
Q
When did Hitler become party Fuhrer?
A
1921
20
Q
What did Drexler think about the Nazi Party when he left?
A
It was becoming too extreme
21
Q
What were the Nazi’s beliefs? (9)
A
Social Darwinism, People’s Community (not communism), unity and loyalty being more important than individual needs, a self-sufficient Germany, a strong leader, “Living Space”, anti semitism, anti communism, nationalism
22
Q
Why did many right-wing Germans believe Germany had lost the war?
A
Because of weak democratic politicians signing the armistice. Some were Jewish, so the Jews became a scapegoat for causing WW1
23
Q
What did Nazis falsely believe Jews were? (5)
A
Dirty, greedy, distrustful communists that secretly ruled the world
24
Q
What percentage of the National vote did Hitler win in 1928?
A
2.6 (check this)
25
In which year did Hitler consider quitting? (And why?)
1932- he thought he’d lost his chance
26
What did Goebbels organise to bring the German people together? (2)
Rallies and marches
27
Why were the Olympics important for Goebbels? (2)
He believed it was a good opportunity to show the world what a modern, stable country Germany was, and to spread Nazi ideals such as antisemitism and aryan white supremacy.
28
How was media censored in Nazi Germany? (4)
Writers were not allowed to publish without Goebbel’s permission, anti-Nazi newspapers were banned, all films had to carry a pro-Nazi message, and jazz was banned
29
Who was the head of the SS?
Heinrich Himmler
30
How many crimes were punishable by death in 1933, and what had this number grown to by 1943?
3 -> 46 (check)
31
Why did the war radicalise Nazi policies?
In war, violence is more normal so violent policies are more acceptable
32
Why was the occupation of Poland a ‘problem’ for Germany?
Because Poland had the largest population of Jews in Europe
33
When was the start of ww2?
The invasion of Poland
34
When did Germany invade Poland?
September 1939
35
When did the law change so that Jews could be thrown out of their houses at any time? (Germany)
April 1939
36
When did the law change so that Jews must wear a star? (Germany)
Feb 1942
37
When did the law change so that Jews could not go to school?
June 1942
38
What were the Nuremberg laws?
Two laws that ‘defined’ Jew, prevented Jews from marrying / having sexual relationships with non-Jews, and took away their German citizenship
39
When were the Nuremberg laws?
1935
40
What does ‘Kristallnacht’ mean?
Night of Broken Glass
41
What happened on Kristallnacht?
Policemen in disguise went around kidnapping, murdering and destroying the homes and businesses of Jews, pretending to wasn’t the Nazis but their enemies instead.
42
When was Kristallnacht?
Nov. 1938
43
What was the word for someone who was half-Jew?
Mischling
44
How did the German invasion of Denmark affect Jewish life there?
Jews were treated as normal citizens, even after the invasion, as the Germans saw the Danes as ‘Fellow aryans’. After the Nazis started trying to discriminate against Jews there, they were pre-warned by the government and escaped to Sweden
45
When did Hungary and Romania join the Axis?
Nov. 1940
46
Did Hungary and Romania pass their first anti Semitic laws before or after they joined the axis powers?
Before
47
What happened in France and the Netherlands after the Nazis invaded?
Anti Semitic laws were put in place, mainly taking away Jews’ businesses and right to education
48
Why were ghettos created in Poland?
There were two million Jews in Poland and the Nazis didn’t know what to do with them all
49
Where was the Sopron Ghetto?
Hungary
50
Where was the Kaunns Ghetto?
Lithuania
51
Where was the Łōdź Ghetto?
Poland
52
Where were the ghettos mostly located?
Poland, the Soviet Union and Hungary
53
What was the purpose of ghettos?
So the Nazis could temporarily house Jews (and ‘hopefully’ kill them in the process) until they could come up with a better solution
54
What was the Einsatsgruppen and what did their name mean?
A group made up of men from the SS who’d carried out the Holocaust by Bullets
Their name means “Action Group”
55
What happened to the ghettos?
Most were liquidated but some were turned into concentration camps
56
Why was the nazi’s war against the ussr particularly brutal?
They believed the Slavs to be sub-human, because of their beliefs about Jews and communists
57
How did the treatment of Jews in east Europe contrast with that if those in west Europe?
There were more killings in east Europe, whereas at first in west Europe only jobs were taken away
58
How many einsatzgruppen were there?
4- a, b, c and d
59
Who was the chief of security police?
Reinhard Heydrich
60
What did Reinhard Heydrich order in June 1941
He ordered the einsatzgruppen to kill all Jewish members of the communist party, but because of the Nazi’s propaganda they took this to mean ‘kill all Jews’
61
How did Germany and the USSR’s relationship change throughout the war?
At first, they invaded Poland together, but then the Nazis wanted the USSR for ‘living space’
62
How many Jews were killed in the Holocaust By Bullets?
Up to 2,5 million
63
What was the Nazi’s original aim?
To win the war, the ‘allow’ genocide through disease and starvation in the East.
This was called ‘General Plan East’
64
When were death camps set up?
1942
65
How many Jews were killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau?
Over a million
66
Why is Auschwitz so well known?
It killed Jews from all over Europe, and also killed the most. It was also left standing, unlike others like treblinka
67
Where was Salonica?
In Greece
68
Where was Prague?
Czechoslovakia
69
Where was Ejszyszki?
Poland
70
By 1942, where were German Jews not allowed to go? (4)
The cinema, the swimming pool, sports clubs, school
71
What laws on shopping were placed on Jews by 1942? (2)
Jews could only buy food between 4 and 5pm, and they couldn’t buy milk or eggs
72
What were Jews not allowed to own/buy by 1942? (5)
Newspapers, bikes, pets, telephones, radios
73
What miscellaneous rules were placed on Jews by 1942? (4)
Jews could be thrown out of their houses at any time, Jews had to obey a curfew, Jews must wear a star, Jewish children can’t play with other children
74
Who was Raoul Wallenberg and what did he do?
He was a swedish embassy who saved thousands of Jews in the Hungary by providing them with fake passports, and setting up soup kitchens, nurseries, and houses.
75
Why did Miep Gies help Jews?
"doing her duty as a human being"
76
Who was Miep Gies and what did she do?
She was over of the people who helped hide the Frank family, and saved Anne's diary after she was deported. She also tride to bribe the Nazi officers to prevent the Franks from being taken away.
77
Who was Derviš Korkut and what did he do?
He was a muslim librarian who saved an important jewish text from destruction, and hid a jew in his house for five months, pretending she was a maid.
78
Who gave the "give me your children" speech?
Chaim Rumkowski
79
Which ghetto was Chaim Rumkowski the leader of?
The Łódź ghetto
80
How many Jews did the Nazis originally ask Chaim Rumkowski for, and what number did he lower it to?
24,000->20,000
81
What does Amidah mean in Hebrew?
"Standing up against."
82
Who was Wilhelm Hosenfeld and what did he do? ( And why?)
A German army officer who rescued a Jew he found in an attic and brought him food and clothes. He did it because he felt guilty and ashamed of the genocide, and he held strong religious beliefs.
83
What did Corrie Ten Boom do and why?
Saved over 800 Jews and resistance fighters by hiding them in a secret compartment in Corrie's bedroom. Her family was involved in charity work before the war and were devout Christians
84
Who was Leopold Socha and what did he do?
A polish ex-thief who his some Jews in the sewers, originally for money, but when the money ran out he hid them out of good values and the want to redeem his past crimes. He brought the Jews 'wherever they wanted', even candles for Sabbath
85
What did Sophie Scholl do to show her opposition to the Nazis?
Handed out leaflets, but she is most famous because of the fact that she was executed.
86
What did Sophie Scholl oppose about the Nazis' regime and why?
- The cruel treatment and killing of Jews
| - Her father was critical of the Nazis' regime, and her brother had a group called the white rose.
87
What did Freya Von Moltke do to show her opposition to the Nazis?
She was a member of a resistance group who organised several assassination attempts on Hitler. She hid her group's papers in beehives
88
What did Hans Litten do to show his opposition to the Nazis?
He attempted to try Hitler in court
89
What was the Rosentrasse protest?
After Jewish men were taken away in Berlin, their families stood outside the prison in which they were being kept, demanding for them to be returned. As a result, it made headlines across the world, Jews married to non-Jews were allowed to stay with their families and the Jews in question we're never sent to Auschwitz.
90
What did Clemens Von Galen oppose about the Nazis' regime and why?
The Nazi's race ideology and policies on education, forced sterilisation and euthanisia
91
What did Hans Litten oppose about the Nazis' regime and why?
Nazi murders and right winged people getting off in court. He was Jewish, and his mother gave him a strong sense of justice for those who were persecuted.
92
What did Armin T. Wegner oppose about the Nazis' regime and why?
The Armenian Genocide, which he witnessed, and the boycotting of Jewish shops.
93
What did Walsh Clara do to help Jews?
She sheltered a Jewish family in her convent after manhunts for Jews in France
94
What did Jack Buckley (and others) do to help Jews?
They saved a sixteen year old Jewish girl after she escaped a death march
95
What did Ida and Louise Cook do to help Jews?
They sometimes travelled to Germany to watch opera, but after realising what was happening, they used their trips as cover to rescue Jews
96
What did Charles Coward do to help Jews?
He was a British prisoner of war who was kept near Auschwitz, and he traded chocolates qnd cigarettes for dead bodies of Jews, which he swapped for live Jews.
97
How many jews did Charles Coward save?
Around 400
98
What did Francis Foley do to help Jews?
He was a British Ambassador who issued over 10,000 passports to Jews to escape to Palestine and the UK. Even when he left Germany, he left behind a wad of passportts.
99
What did Albert Bedane do to help Jews?
Sheltered a Jewish woman in his basement as well as some Russian forced labourers and and prisoners of war.
100
When was Auschwitz liberated?
The 27th of January, 1945
101
When was Bergen-Belsen liberated?
The 15th of April, 1945
102
Who liberated Bergen-Belsen?
The UK
103
Who liberated Auschwitz?
The USSR
104
How many people were left over in Auschwitz when it was liberated?
7,000
105
How many people were left over in Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated?
60,000
106
Why were the leftover prisoners taken on death marches? (3)
- Heinrich Himmler thought he could use the remaining prisoners as bargaining tools for surrender
- They didn’t want to leave witnesses
- They could still use them for forced labour
107
Who was Adolf Eichmann, and what did he do?
He was a senior SS officer who tried to force Austrian Jews out even before the war. He became very organised in the round up and deportation of Jews to concentration camps
108
Who was Heinrich Unverhau, and what did he do?
Took part in the murder of thousands of disabled Germans, where he led people to gas chambers and disposed of their bodies. He was then transferred to Bełźec, where his jobs included forcing Jews to strip before entering the “shower”. He was then transported to Solibúr, where his duties were similar, and oevrall he was invilved in the murder of more than half a million people
109
What did Albert Ganzermüller do?
He was in charge of the train timetables and deportations
110
Who was Rudolf Hoess, and what did he do?
An SS officer who served at Dachau and Sachsenhausen. In 1940 he was appointed the first commander of Auschwitz. He was responsible fo the camp’s growth into an extermination camp. He was in charge if the largest killing operation in the camp’s history: the murder of 400,000 Jews in more than 2 months
111
Who was Hermann Göring, and what did he do?
One of the most powerful leaders of the Nazi party, who set up the Gestapo, controlled Germany’s economic policy and the air force. He was heavily involved with the prosecution of Germany’s Jews and had a leading role in the decision making that led up the the “Final Solution”.
112
Who was Antanas Gecevičius, and what did he do?
A commander of a platoon of Lithuanian policemen who volunteered to help the Nazis. They murdered thousands of Jews.
113
What were the effects of liberating the death/concentration camps on the liberated?
Many of them didn’t know who was coming and were scared at first. A lot of them just wanted to eat, and a lot of them ended up dying as their stomachs couldn’t take the food.
114
What were the effects of liberating the death/concentration camps on the liberators?
Some suffered from shock and couldn’t move or feel their legs for as long as up to 24 hours afterwards.
115
Who rescued Spilzman?
Wilm Hosenfeld
116
What did the Sonderkommandos do?
Filled the gas chambers, lead people there and disposed of their bodies
117
Add cards for all people but flip the answers and questions
...
118
What was the name of the theory the Nazis used to blame Jews for losing ww1?
The stab in the back
119
Who led the SS?
Heinrich Himmler
120
Where did the Nazis originally plan to deport Jews to (but realised that it was impossible due to the war)?
Madagascar
121
What were the names of Leon Greenman’s wife and son?
Elsie and Barney
122
What was the name of the commander of a platoon of Lithuanian policemen who volunteered to help the Nazis and murdered thousands of Jews?
Antanas Gecevičius
123
What was the name of the one of the most powerful leaders of the Nazi party, who set up the Gestapo, controlled Germany’s economic policy and the air force, who was heavily involved with the prosecution of Germany’s Jews and had a leading role in the decision making that led up the the “Final Solution”?
Hermann Göring
124
What was the name of the SS officer who served at Dachau and Sachsenhausen, was appointed the first commander of Auschwitz in 1940, was responsible fo the camp’s growth into an extermination camp. He was in charge if the largest killing operation in the camp’s history: the murder of 400,000 Jews in more than 2 month?
Rudolf Hoess
125
What was the name of the man who was in charge of the train timetables and deportations
Albert Ganzermuller
126
What was the name of the man who took part in the murder of thousands of disabled Germans, where he led people to gas chambers and disposed of their bodies. He was then transferred to Bełźec, where his jobs included forcing Jews to strip before entering the “shower”, who was transported to Solibúr, where his duties were similar, and overall was invilved in the murder of more than half a million people (?)
Heinrich Unverhau
127
What was the name of the senior SS officer who tried to force Austrian Jews out even before the war who became very organised in the round up and deportation of Jews to concentration camps?
Adolf Eichmann
128
What was the name of the man who sheltered a Jewish woman in his basement as well as some Russian forced labourers and and prisoners of war?
.
129
What was the name of the swedish embassy who saved thousands of Jews in the Hungary by providing them with fake passports, and setting up soup kitchens, nurseries, and houses.
Raoul Wallenberg
130
What was the name of the woman who helped hide the Frank family, and saved Anne's diary after she was deported. She also tride to bribe the Nazi officers to prevent the Franks from being taken away.
Miep Gies
131
What was the name of the muslim librarian who saved an important jewish text from destruction, and hid a jew in his house for five months, pretending she was a maid.
Derviš Korkut
132
What was the name of the german army officer who rescued a Jew he found in an attic and brought him food and clothes. He did it because he felt guilty and ashamed of the genocide, and he held strong religious beliefs.
Wilhelm Hosenfeld
133
What was the name of the woman who saved over 800 Jews and resistance fighters by hiding them in a secret compartment in her bedroom?
Corrie Ten Boom
134
What was the name of the polish ex-thief who his some Jews in the sewers, originally for money, but when the money ran out he hid them out of good values and the want to redeem his past crimes. He brought the Jews 'wherever they wanted', even candles for Sabbath
Leopold Socha
135
What was the name of the member of a resistance group who organised several assassination attempts on Hitler. She hid her group's papers in beehives
Freya von Moltke
136
What was the name of the man who attempted to try Hitler in court
Hans Litten
137
What was the name of the the woman who sheltered a Jewish family in her convent after manhunts for Jews in France
Walsh Clara
138
What was the name of the man who saved a sixteen year old Jewish girl after she escaped a death march
Jack Buckley
139
What were the names of the women who sometimes travelled to Germany to watch opera, but after realising what was happening, they used their trips as cover to rescue Jews
Ida and Louise Cook
140
what was the name of British prisoner of war who was kept near Auschwitz, who traded chocolates and cigarettes for dead bodies of Jews, which he swapped for live Jews?
Charles Coward
141
what was the name of the British Ambassador who issued over 10,000 passports to Jews to escape to Palestine and the UK?
Frances Foley
142
What does Lebensraum mean?
"Living space"
