final russia set - filling in the gaps

Question 1

What are the reasons Trotsky lost?

Answer 1

Didn’t take ppl seriously+offended them
wanted world to be communist, scared ppl
fell ill when most needed
funeral
jewish

Question 2

reasons Stalin won

Answer 2

chief mourner at lenins funeral
blended into background
good position
proposed “socialism in one country”

Question 3

How many people had been transported to/killed in labour camps by 1937?

Answer 3

18m, 10m

Question 4

reasons stalin needed to modernise

Answer 4

^ military strength
rival economies
food
establish reputation
functioning communist society

Question 5

how were city dwellers affected by modernisation (neg)

Answer 5

high employment rate
few consumer goods
overcrowding

Question 6

problems ww2 caused

Answer 6

20m+ citizens killed
farmland/towns/cities destroyed
nationalities targeted

Question 7

when were the romanovs killed?

Answer 7

1918

Question 8

what could the zemstva’s special laws allow them to do?

Answer 8

order police
force ppl to pay fines

Question 9

state of peasants in tsars regime

Answer 9

80% peasants
life expectancy 40
famine common

Question 10

political parties banned until

Answer 10

1905

Question 11

change needed bc

Answer 11

lost crimean war
needed to catch up on industrial rev
stuck in “medieval society”

Question 12

when was the russo japanese war and how many ships were sunk?

Answer 12

1905
2/3 sunk

Question 13

Write one on the russo japanese war

Question 14

what did the october revolution do?

Answer 14

oct 1905
civil rights
parties
parliament
suffrage

cadets supported
marxists didn’t

Question 15

how could the bolsheviks take control

Answer 15

kerensky armed them against kornilov
all food sent to soldiers-> starvation->strikes
april thesis- peace land n bread
trotstky organised red guards to take control

Question 16

failures of russian gov in ‘14

Answer 16

tsar showed no interest in duma

Question 17

successes of 1914 russian gov

Answer 17

stolypin boosted economic growth
political parties allowed

Question 18

effect of ww1 on peasants

Answer 18

food shortages, high taxes

Question 19

effect of ww1 on workers

Answer 19

formed commities to start riots bc of food shortages

Question 20

effect of ww1 on aristocracy

Answer 20

many were killed/exiled

Question 21

significance of the food shortages

Answer 21

made ppl realise the tsar’s uselessness

Question 22

how long did it take for the PG to be overthrown?

Answer 22

8 months

Question 23

what were the decisions made by the PG?

Answer 23

wait to distribute land
stayed in the war so lost the army’s support
couldn’t find any solutions

Question 24

what did kornilov believe?

Answer 24

that russia needed a strong dictator

Question 25

what did the cheka do in the red terror?

Answer 25

beat/hung ppl
took families hostage
to ensure loyalty
mass excecutions of middle/upper class
7500 murdered

Question 26

other tactics of the red terror

Answer 26

armed companies took peasants’ grain
shot retreaters
bank payments stopped
forbid furniture sales
culprits burned
men under 45 whipped

Question 27

most of the members of the red army

Answer 27

peasants who wanted to protect the new gov and the red guards

Question 28

what was the White army made of

Answer 28

SRs, mensheviks, tsarists,landlords, capitalists, former POWs

Question 29

why did the reds win the civil war

Answer 29

consistent propaganda (get rid of invaders, protect workers rights)
made sure army was fed
took over factories
killed tsar
controlled population

Question 30

white disadvantages

Answer 30

dif groups w/ dif aims
widely spread
limited support

Question 31

how war communism was achieved

Answer 31

large factories taken over
peasants gave up food or shot
rationing
planned production
strict discipline for workers
enterprise illegal

Question 32

what was the Krondstadt rising?

Answer 32

naval base in gulf of finland
1921
demanded free speech, elections, trade unions, put down by red army soldiers, 1000, killed

Question 33

What did the NEP do?

Answer 33

brought back some elements of capitalism
small factories given private ownership
vital industries remained in states hand

Question 34

successes of NEP

Answer 34

goods appeared on sale as ppl could work for profit
ended requisitioning squads
stabilised country
brought peace

Question 35

random things abt Stalin

Answer 35

paranoid slept with gun under pillow
embalmed lenin
cult of leninism

Question 36

what were gulags

Answer 36

remote labour camps where arrested ppl were sent to do physical labour in cold conditions. 3m prisoners

Question 37

how did stalin rewrite history

Answer 37

so lenin and stalin were the only real heroes of the revolution

Question 38

results of the cult of personality

Answer 38

soviet citizens admired stalin- believed purges were unrelatd
style of gov was popular

Question 39

consequences of purges

Answer 39

families torn apart- they had to denounce each other
lived in fear
ppl packed bags in case NKVD came for them in the night
no bolsheviks in the original revolution left in 1938
stalin had complete control

Question 40

how did kulaks show opposition?

Answer 40

deliberately destroyed crops/animals so they wouldn’t be taken
resulted in a huge famine
millions died as food was being exported

Question 41

what did stalin do for WW2?

Answer 41

scorched earth
crops/animals moved east of Urals
patriotic speeches on radio
ussr increased machine gun production
military strategy that made best use of supplies and troops

Question 42

other factors of ww2 success

Answer 42

russian weather
muddy groun
general zhukov had 3000 tanks and 1.3 m soldiers
propaganda