Conflict and Tension Flashcards
How many states were represented at the Paris Peace Conference?
32
Who were the Big Three?
Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd-George and Woodrow Wilson
What was the name of the islands that Finland and Sweden disputed?
the Åland islands
What does LAMB stand for? (it helps to remember the ToV)
Land Army Money Blame
Which area was on the border of Germany and Poland and held as a plebiscite in 1921?
Upper Silesia
Which area was demilitarised?
the Rhineland
Name 3 countries that didn’t (initially?) join the league
the USSR, the USA, Germany
Which countries made up the Big Five?
Japan, Italy, France, Britain, the USA
When was the pre-meeting for the PPC?
12th of Jan
When was the PPC?
18th of Jan 1919
The states represented at the PPC made up what percentage of the world’s population?
75%
What were Wilson’s fourteen points?
- No secret treaties
- 3 access to sea even in war
3 trade (free) - colonies have a say in future
- work towards disarmament
- Germany leave Russia
- Belgium independence
- France regains Alsace-Lorraine
- Frontier between Italy and Austria
- East-Europe self-determination
- C access 4 serbia
- Turkish self-determination
- indepedant + C access for poland
- LoN
What was Germany’s new name after the ToV?
The Weimar Republic
What was the name of the rich farmland given to Poland?
Posen
How many colonies did Germany lose?
All of them
Which areas of Germany were given to belgium?
Eupen and Malmedy
What was the name of the coalfields given to France?
the Saar coalfields
What was the name of the area given to Denmark?
North Schleswig
how many men was Germany’s army limited to?
Hundred Thousand Men. 100,000. Conscription banned
Which article was the War Guilt clause?
Article 231
How much money was Germany asked to pay for reparations?
6,600 million
If the original ToV terms hadn’t been changed, when would Germany have finished paying off the reparations?
1984
When was the exact figure of reparations decided?
1921
How much land did Germany lose?
13%
Was Germany allowed representatives at Versailles?
No
Why did some of the Allies dislike the treaty (in general, not specific to countries)
They thought it would lead to war
What size air force was Germany allowed?
None
Why did some people dislike Germany’s disarmament?
All countries were meant to disarm, not just them
Why did Germans dislike the loss of land?
It damaged their economy and their pride
Why was the war guilt clause important?
It meant the Allies could get reparations out of Germany, as they were responsible
What about the ToV made Lloyd-George happy?
Liked new allies against Ger,
+ as a counter-balance to FR.
Liked Anschluss, preferred Ger weaker
disarmament removed threat 2 Br’s naval supremacy
Ger lost colonies’s went 2 BR
What about the ToV made Lloyd-George unhappy?
Thought LoN wouldn’t work
worried GB would have to have too big a role. Wanted /all/ Ger’s colonies.
Thought “ reparations->germany seek revenge/communism”
a weaker Ger can’t pay
What about the ToV made Clemenceau happy?
Happy regain Alsace-Lorraine.
war guilt->Ger paid Fr
liked Anshcluss + other countries to side w/ Fr + encircle Ger
What about the ToV made Clemenceau unhappy?
Like Lloyd-George he didn’t want to make an expensieve committment to the LoN, which he thought wouldn’t work. Didn’t like that the LoN got some the colonies instead of Fr or BR. wanted Ger to completely disarm
What about the ToV made Wilson happy?
Liked LoN
Liked self-detirmination
glad Poland gets land.
Didn’t want Germany too powerful so liked disarmament.
What about the ToV made Wilson unhappy?
War guilt unfair.
Worried Germany’s damaged economy meant they wouldn’t buy US goods.
Wanted self-detimination for all colonies, not for Br and Fr to get them
What happened at Vilna?
A-H’s countries now independant
Polish army took Lithuanian capital Vilna -mostly Polish ppl there
Poland asked to withdraw
Fr saw Poland as a potential ally+refused help.
GB wouldn’t send troops w/o others’ support
What happened at Corfu?
Greek-Albanian border not agreed
LoN sent an Italian, murdered while investigating Gr.
Mussolinni demanded v murderers pay but Gr didn’t know who
Mussolini invaded greece
Greece complained to LoN
LoN condemned Mussolinni, said Greece would pay.
LoN would look after the money until killers found.
Mussolinni went 2 GB, FR +JPN, asked to undermine it .
Greece forced 2 apologize +pay .
Italy withdrew
What is diplomacy?
the skill of managing international relationships in a positive way
What did the Slavery Comission do?
raided Sierra Leone slave camps. set 200,000 free.
In ‘27 Sierra Leone declared it illegal
What was the WHO originally called?
The Health Committee
What was the Health Committee renamed to?
WHO
What did the Health Committee do?
international mosquito killing campaign
Worked with USSR’s gov to educate on typhus spread
Sent docs to improve turkey’s refugee camp conditions
What did the ILO stand for?
International Labour Organisation
What did the ILO do?
Tried to ban toxic Pb paint
social insurance 4 Greece
minimum wage 4 77 countries
Taganyika
What did the ILO do in Taganyika?
Reduce death rates in a railway construction from 50% to 4%
How many countries did the ILO help set up a minimum wage?
77
Which country did the ILO help set up social insurance, and when?
Greece, 1930
What was the aim of the Commission of Refugees?
Return POWs, support refugees in returning to their countries or finding new ones
What did the Commission of Refugees do?
Freed&returned 85% of WW1 POWs.
found homes for russian war refugees
docs to help refugees +find homes when Turkey+Greece fought.
Nissan Passport- international refugee identification document
What were the failures of the ILO?
Failed to ban child labour in 1919. “too costly!!”
An 8-hr-day limit was voted against in 1935
What were the failures of the Commission of Refugees?
Germany voted against helping Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany
What did the Commission of communications and transport aim to do?
regulate war-developed technology to keep people safe
what did the Commission of communications and transport do?
Introduced shipping laws + international highway code
What did the Permenant Central Opium Board do?
companies needed certificate to import opium as medicine
Blacklisted companies illegally distributing opium
What did the Permenant Central Opium Board aim to do?
stop opium farming
What did the Permenant Central Opium Board become?
Permenant Central Narcotics Board
What were the failures of the Permenant Central Opium Board?
some key members not committed-they got money from opium
What did the economic and financial committee do?
Sent financial experts to prevent A+H becoming bankrupt.
developed international import-export laws
what were the failures of the economic and financial committee?
couldn’t cope w/ the great depression
Which committee dealt with diseases?
the Health Committee
which committee dealt with money and finances?
the economic and financial committee
which committee dealt with transport?
the communications and transport committee
which committee dealt with working conditions?
the international labour organisation (ILO)
which committee dealt with drugs, specifically opium?
Permenant Central Opium (later narcotics) Board
What happened with the Åland islands?
wanted by both Swe and Fin, who threatened war. LoN gave them to Finland, but forbade forts so they couldn’t attack Sweden. Both were satisfied.
What happened with Upper Silesia?
Germans and Poles lived there
both wanted it for iron & steel production
What happened with Memel?
Lithuanian port given 2 tLoN in tToV.
For 3 yrs, a french governor controlled it until Lith invaded in ‘23
How did the League sort out the problem at Memel?
gave lithuania the area but made the port an international area