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History Revision > The Great Depression and the New Deal > Flashcards

The Great Depression and the New Deal Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the causes of the Great Depression? (9)

A

the dust bowl, tarriffs, overproduction, under consumption, laissez-faire, rugged individualism, loss of confidence, speculation

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2
Q

What was Hoover seen as?

A

“A do-nothing” president

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3
Q

What did Hoover actually do? (4)

A

Cut taxes, set up “reconstruction finance company”, introduced a new tarriff, told business leaders not to cut wages

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4
Q

What is laissez-faire?

A

A policy where the government does not get involved with financial matters

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5
Q

Why was Hoover’s reputation damaged before the 1932 election? (3)

A
  • he thought the great depression would fix itself
  • he believed in “rugged individualism”- people helping themselves
  • the existance of Hoovervilles
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6
Q

Why were hoovervilles called as such?

A

because people believed Hoover was responsible for them

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7
Q

What was the Bonus army?

A

A group of WW1 veterans who were demanding money that they would have earned during the war

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8
Q

When did Hoover promise to pay the bonus army?

A

1944

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9
Q

What happened after Hoover first promised to pay the Bonus Army?

A

They demanded the money sooner, and Hoover responded by attacking their shanty towns, burning down the houses and using tear gas

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10
Q

What caused the dust bowl?

A

overfarming+droughts

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11
Q

What percentage of the working population relied on soup kitchens in the Great Depression?

A

25%

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12
Q

How many migrants moved to California in the Great Depression?

A

375,000

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13
Q

Why did the Great Depression affect black employees worse than white employees?

A

Because employers were more likely to sack black employees first

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14
Q

What was rugged individualism?

A

Hoover’s belief that in the government helped people,, it would stop people from helping themselves. All people needed was /hard work/ and a /”can do”/ attitude!

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15
Q

What was the New Deal?

A

A series of policies, organisations and initiatives designed to get america out of the Great Depression

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16
Q

How far did Roosevelt travel during his campaign?

A

21km

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17
Q

How many speeches did roosevelt make during his campaign?

A

12 major speeches and 60 from his train

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18
Q

What was the result of the 1932 election?

A

Roosevelt won 42 out of the 48 states

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19
Q

What were Roosevelt’s three priorities?

A

Reform, Recovery and Relief

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20
Q

What was Roosevelt “not afraid to do”?

A

Say polite words while carrying a big stick

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21
Q

What was Relief (in terms of the New Deal)?

A

Provinding relief to the elderly, sick and homeless

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22
Q

What was Reform (in terms of the New Deal)?

A

Improving conditions for American people

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23
Q

What was Recovery (in terms of the New Deal)?

A

Getting people back into work and getting industry working again

24
Q

What is an example of a relief-based organisation?

A

FERA

25
Q

What is an example of a reform-based organisation?

A

TVA

26
Q

What is an example of a recovery-based organisation?

A

CCC

27
Q

What does FERA stand for?

A

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

28
Q

What does CCC stand for?

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

29
Q

What does TVA stand for?

A

Tenessee Valley Authority

30
Q

What does NRA stand for?

A

National Recovery Administration

31
Q

What does PWA stand for?

A

Public Works Administration

32
Q

What did the FERA do?

A

Spend 500 million on soup kitchens, blankets, employment schemes and nursery schools

33
Q

What did the CCC do?

A

Young men could sign up to environmental projects if they couldn’t find work.

34
Q

What did the PWA do?

A

Used government money to build roads, schools and bridges

35
Q

What did the TVA do?

A

Irrigate the dried out valley and provide electricity and jobs through the building of dams

36
Q

What did the NRA do?

A

Improved working conditions in industry and outlawed child labour. Set fair wages and sensible levels of production

37
Q

How long could you work with the CCC? (After this period, if you still could not find a job you could sign up again)

A

6 months

38
Q

What was the Second New Deal?

A

Roosevelt’s response to people saying that the New Deal didn’t do enough for the poor.

39
Q

What did the WPA stand for?

A

Works Progress Administration

40
Q

What did the WPA do?

A

Sponsored community art projects and construction projects

41
Q

Who was Huey Long?

A

The governor of Louisiana

42
Q

How did Huey Long get into power?

A

He used methods like bribery and threat

43
Q

What did Huey Long do after he got into power?

A

He clashed with the KKK, employed black people under the same conditions as white people, and built roads, schools and hospitals

44
Q

What was the scheme that Huey Long put forward?

A

Share Our Wealth

45
Q

What did Share Our Wealth do? (or was proposed to do?)

A

All personal fortunes would be reduced to 3 million, and maximum income would be 1 million per year. Anything else would be shared between everyone

46
Q

What else did Huey Long propose, apart from his scheme?

A

Pensions for people over 60

free washing machines and radios

47
Q

Who was Father Coughlin?

A

A priest who used his radio programme to attack Roosevelt

48
Q

What was Father Coughlin’s union?

A

National Union for Social Justice

49
Q

Who was the governor of Louisiana?

A

Huey Long

50
Q

When did the National Union for Social Justice lose power?

A

In the 1940s

51
Q

What did the National Union for Social Justice do?

A

fought for social equality and promoted populist ideologies

52
Q

What idea does populism spread?

A

It places the people against the “elite”, who are seen as “corrupt and self-serving”

53
Q

Who was Dr Francis Townsend?

A

an American who founded the “Townsend plan”

54
Q

What was the Townsend plan?

A

A plan that would give everyone over 60 200 pounds per month, only if they were not a criminal.

55
Q

In the Townsend plan, how much time did the recipients have to spend the money?

A

30 days

56
Q

Who said that the New Deal wasn’t doing enough?

A

Black Americans and poor rural farmers

57
Q

Why didn’t the newspapers like the New Deal?

A

Because most were run by rich people, and the New Deal gave rights to the poor

History Revision (28 decks)

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