Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography - Physical - Paper 1 > The Holderness Coast Case Study > Flashcards

The Holderness Coast Case Study Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Which 4 factors suggest why coastal erosion such an issue on the Holderness coast

A
  • geology
  • fetch
  • LSD
  • subaerial processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - geology
what are cliffs composed of

A
  • shallow & sloping cliffs ranging between 5 & 20 metres high
  • mainly consists of boulder clay made of glacial till
  • which is structurally weak
  • & provides little resistance to erosion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is glacial till

A
  • a mixture of fine clay, boulder clay & sands deposited by glaciers during the Devensian period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - geology
erosional features on cliffs

A
  • the chalkband that surrounds the boulder clay creates a headland
  • erosion along fault lines & bedding planes has created cliffs arches & stacks here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - fetch
The North sea

A
  • The holderness is exposed to waves & winds from the North-East
  • meaning it has a large fetch of 500-800 km, across the North Sea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - fetch
The Atlantic Ocean

A
  • currents circulate around the Atlantic Ocean
  • which has a fetch of 5000km or more,
  • so currents add energy to destructive waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - fetch
Sea level

A

-low pressure air systems –> raises sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - fetch
small seas

A

small almost enclosed seas generate huge waves during storms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - fetch
friction

A
  • sea floor is deep so there is less friction
  • meaning wave height and speed is not lowered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - LSD
transportation of material

A
  • the boulder clay erodes to produce mainly clay particles
  • which are transported out to sea in suspension,
  • rather than accumulating onshore as beach sand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - LSD
narrow beaches

A
  • beaches are narrow
  • which is the result of an imbalance between the input of sand & removal of sand
  • so these narrow beaches offer little friction to absorb wave energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - LSD
tidal flows

A
  • tides flow southwards,
  • transporting sand by LSD
  • leaving the cliffs at Holderness poorly protected against wave attack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - subaerial processes
chemical weathering

A
  • chemical weathering is relatively ineffective at the Holderness coast
  • except on chalk cliffs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - subaerial processes
mechanical weathering

A
  • mechanical weathering involves freeze-thaw & the alternate wetting / drying of the boulder clay,
  • making it crumbly in the dry period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Influences on coastal erosion - subaerial processes
mass movement

A
  • slumping results from the alternate wetting & drying of the clays
  • causing expansion & shrinkage
  • leading to cracks during long dry periods
  • subsequent rain enters & percolates into these cracks
  • which weakens the cliffs
  • causing slides down & is then removed by the sea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the Holderness coast located

A

East coast of England, in Yorkshire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The holderness coast is the …………….. in Europe

A

fastest eroding coastline

18
Q

The Holderness coast loses nearly ….of coastline annually

A

2m

19
Q

Since the Roman times, the Holderness coasts has retreated by…..

A

4km

20
Q

What are the key players objectives on the Holderness coast
Government

A

-the environmental agency is responsible for large scale coastal management alongside the local govt who manage the allocation of coastal defences in different coastal divisions

21
Q

The govt budget for coastal management on the Holderness has been …. since 2010

A

cut

22
Q

What are the key players objectives on the Holderness coast
Stakeholders in the local economy - tourism

A

-tourist industry has requested greater spending on coastal protection

23
Q

What are the key players objectives on the Holderness coast
Stakeholders in the local economy - farmers

A

-farmers want money to protect their farmland

24
Q

What are the key players objectives on the Holderness coast
Stakeholders in the local economy - residents

A

-residents want guaranteed coastal protection

25
Q

What are the key players objectives on the Holderness coast
Stakeholders in the local economy - insurance

A

-insurance industries are increasingly refusing to insure vulnerable properties

26
Q

What are the key players objectives on the Holderness coast
Environmental stakeholders

A
  • English Nature & the RSPB want to protect
  • Spurn head, one of the UK’s largest coastal spits,
  • so a continual flow of sand southward by LSD is essential
  • an important asset of this spit is its protection of the mudflats at Humber Bay estuary
27
Q

Social Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness
….homes will disappear by 2100

A

7000

28
Q

Social Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness
… villages have been lost since the Roman times

A

30

29
Q

Social Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness
Households are forced to…

A

relocate their homes & livelihoods which has severe mental health implications

30
Q

Economic Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness
Impacts on tourism

A
  • Holiday parks have lost 100 chalets to the sea in the last 15 years,
  • reduction in flow of tourists,
  • less expenditure in the economy,
  • leading to a fall in profits
31
Q

Economic Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness
……. hectares of farmland are lost each year

A

8000

32
Q

Economic Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness
………. is spent adapting to coastal recession not mitigating it

A

£1.2 million

33
Q

Environmental Impacts of coastal erosion on Holderness

A
  • the seawall & rock armour at Hornsea interrupts LSD
  • meaning towns further North such as Mappleton are starved of sediment so its cliffs are further exposed to wave attack
  • this is known as terminal groyne syndrome
34
Q

Responses to erosion on the Holderness coast
seawall

A

First seawall was constructed in 1870 & has been extended 5 times since

35
Q

Responses to erosion on the Holderness coast
rock armour

A
  • In the southern end, the defences were reconfigured in 1977 to rock armour
  • which allows sediment to accumulate and pass behind it
36
Q

Responses to erosion on the Holderness coast
groynes

A

Groynes have been implemented in Hornsea which starve mappleton of sediment

37
Q

What is the East Riding Coastal Fund

A

Offers limited assistance for those affected by coastal recession

38
Q

What are the East Riding Coastal Fund’s two initiatives

A

-assistant grants
-adaptation package

39
Q

What is the East Riding Coastal Fund’s Assistant Grants

A

-funds adaptations to properties who may be at risk in the future

40
Q

What is the East Riding Coastal Fund’s Adaptation Package

A
  • it can fund:
  • an individual’s decision to replace a threatened coastal property with a new home inland
  • where coastal defences aren’t viable, again only providing minor funds

Geography - Physical - Paper 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions