Tectonic Processes & Hazards - Case Studies - Volcanoes & Tusnamis

Question 1

Developed country tsunami case study?

Answer 1

Japan (2011) tsnuami

Question 2

How many people died in the Japan (2011) earthquake/tsnuami

Answer 2

15, 853 deaths

Question 3

How many people got injured in the Japan (2011) earthquake/tsnuami

Answer 3

6,023

Question 4

How many people became homeless in the Japan (2011) earthquake/tsnuami

Answer 4

130,927 people homeless

Question 5

How many buildings destroyed in the Japan (2011) earthquake/tsnuami

Answer 5

300,000

Question 6

Economic cost of the Japan (2011) earthquake/tsnuami

Answer 6

US$235 billion

Question 7

Signficant impact on population health from the Japan (2011) earthquake/tsunami

Answer 7

• Despite early warning systems, Japan failed to take into account the impact of a tsunami on a nuclear power plant
• -the plant had been built to withstand a tsunami - this caused the Fukushima event –> radiation leaks

Question 8

What is the GDP per capita of Japan in 2023

Answer 8

• GDP per capita: US$36,990 (2023)

Question 9

What was the magnitude of the Japan 2011

Answer 9

9

Question 10

What planning was in place before the 2011 Japan tsunami

Answer 10

• A low level of corruption meant that building regulations were strictly followed
• Evacuation shelters and marked evacuation routes were planned and mapped out
• Areas vulnerable to tsunami already had a 10m high sea wall built

Question 11

What was the impact on the nuclear reactor of the Japan tsuanami

Answer 11

• The tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Dalichi reactors, causing a significant nuclear accident. All three nuclear cores largely melted in the first three days.
• 98% of the damage was attributed to the tsunami

Question 12

What was the attitude to nuclear power following the Japan tsunami

Answer 12

• Immediately after the Fukushima event, the government promised to reduce the country’ use of nuclear * However recently they have begun to use it again.

Question 13

How did research change after the Japan tsunami

Answer 13

• Researchers collected extensive data on tsunami wave forces and building performance
• This facilitated improvement in tsunami mitigation strategies

Question 14

Developing country tsunami case study?

Answer 14

Indian Ocean (2004 tsunami)

Question 15

How many people died in the Indian Ocean (2004 tsunami)

Answer 15

289,601 deaths

Question 16

How many people became homeless in the Indian Ocean (2004 tsunami)

Answer 16

1.7 million people homeless

Question 17

Economic cost of the Indian Ocean (2004 tsunami)

Answer 17

US$10 billion

Question 18

What was the magnitude of the Indian Ocean (2004 tsunami)

Answer 18

9-9.3

Question 19

What was the planning/ preparation for the Indian Ocean (2004 tsunami)

Answer 19

• Many densely populated villages, towns, & resorts were on the coast.
• Buildings were not built to sustain tectonic hazards.
• There were no warning systems set up, so many had no idea that the earthquake had occurred.

Question 20

What was a major environmental impact of the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004

Answer 20

Freshwater supplies were contaminated by salt water

Question 21

Impacts of Sri Lanka Boxing Day tsunami

what was the reach of the damage?

Answer 21

• Within hours of the earthquake, killer waves radiating from the epicenter slammed into the coastlines of 11 countries, damaging countries from east Africa to Thailand

Question 22

Impacts of Sri Lanka Boxing Day tsunami

In Sri Lanka, more than …..% of the fishing fleet and infrastructure were destroyed.

Answer 22

60%

Question 23

Impacts of Sri Lanka Boxing Day tsunami

• The 2004 Indonesia earthquake caused a shift in…..

Answer 23

….the earth’s mass, changing the planet’s rotation

Question 24

What was the long-term economic response to the Indian Ocean 2004 Tusnami

Answer 24

• A year later £372 million had been donated by the British public,
• but only £128 million had been spent by the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC)
• there were organisational issues following the collection

Question 25

What was the long-term disaster preparation response to the Indian Ocean 2004 Tusnami

Answer 25

The Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System was set up in June 2006, as before there had been no early-warning system.

Question 26

What was the VEI of the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 26

4

Question 27

What was the voclano type of the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 27

composite

Question 28

how many deaths from the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 28

0

Question 29

what was the cost of the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 29

US$4.7billion

Question 30

GDP per capita of the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 30

$43,000

Question 31

What were the preparations for the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 31

* An international team to use a combination of GPS, seismic monitoring and satellite radar interferometry * to track years of deformations and volcanic activity on and around Eyjafjallajokull, months before it errupted

Question 32

what were the short term impacts of the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 32

- Homes and roads were damaged, services were disrupted, crops were destroyed by ash, and roads were washed away - Fresh food imports stopped, and industries were affected by a lack of imported raw materials - Flooding was caused as the glacier melted

Question 33

What was the short term response to the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 33

* In the short term, the area around the volcano was evacuated * The ash cloud brought European airspace to a standstill during the latter half of April 2010 costing billions in delays

Question 34

What were the long-term responses to the Iceland (2010 Eyjatjallajokull Volcano)

Answer 34

* The European Union has developed an integrated structure for air traffic management * This means following a volcanic eruption in the future, areas of air space may be closed, reducing the risk of closing all European air space

Question 35

What is the developing country case study for volcanic erruptions

Answer 35

Nyiragongo, DRC (2002)

Question 36

What was the VEI of the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancanic erruption

Answer 36

3

Question 37

Volcano type of the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancanic erruption

Answer 37

composite

Question 38

How amny deaths came from the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancanic erruption

Answer 38

250

Question 39

How many made homeless by the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancanic erruption

Answer 39

120,000

Question 40

What is the cost of the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancanic erruption

Answer 40

$3billion

Question 41

What is the GDP per capita of the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancanic erruption

Answer 41

$670

Question 42

What is special about the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volancano

Answer 42

* It is one of the few places in the world to feature a persistent lake of lava bubbling within its summit crater * Because of the geologic complexities of region, its lava is remarkably fluid, able to move at up to 40 miles an hour

Question 43

There was ......... for the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volcanic erruption

Answer 43

little to no planning

Question 44

what was the environmental impact of the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002)

Answer 44

* Acid rain fell due to the reaction of volcanic gases in the atmosphere, damaging farmland

Question 45

What was the evacuation like for the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volcanic erruption

Answer 45

- 400,000 people were evacuated from their homes to avoid the lava. - The evacuation plans were very limited many residents had not experienced a volcanic eruption

Question 46

what was the immediate aid given after the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volcanic erruption

Answer 46

* The United Nations sent 260 tonnes of food to the affected area within a week of the eruption

Question 47

How have evactuation plans changed long-tern since the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volcanic erruption

Answer 47

- Evacuation routes have also been mapped - Officials have been retrained and provided with evacuation plans; each has a designated community to support

Question 48

How have early warning signs changed long-tern since the Nyiragongo, DRC (2002) volcanic erruption

Answer 48

- Thirty new signs that detail the early warning signs of a volcanic eruption have been put up in high-risk areas - Officials have been retrained and provided with evacuation plans; each has a designated community to support