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Biology > The Heart & Blood Vessels (chpt. 26) > Flashcards

The Heart & Blood Vessels (chpt. 26) Flashcards

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1
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Blood leaves blood vessels and flows around the cells before re-entering blood vessels

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2
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels

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3
Q

What type of circulatory system do humans have

A

Double closed circulatory system

  • pulmonary system
  • systemic system
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4
Q

Advantages of a closed circulatory system

A

Blood can be pumped faster

Flow of blood can be increased / decreased

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5
Q

Advantages of double circulatory system

A
  • separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • endures blood pressure is high enough to reach all parts of body
  • allows for rapid and efficient delivery of nutrients
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6
Q

Portal system

A

A blood supply that flows from one organ directly to another without passing through the heart

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7
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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8
Q

Arteries

A
  • carry blood AWAY from heart
  • thick wall of muscle & elastic fibres
  • no valves
  • carry oxygenated blood
  • rapid blood flow under pressure
  • blood flows in pulses
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9
Q

Veins

A
  • carry blood TO heart
  • thin wall of muscle & elastic fibres
  • valves prevent the back flow of blood
  • carry deoxygenated blood
  • slow blood flow under low pressure
  • blood flows steadily
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10
Q

Capillaries

A
  • wall is only 1 cell thick
  • extremely narrow lumen
  • no valves
  • link arteries and veins
  • carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • slow blood flow
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11
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, slightly to the left, above diaphragm and behind sternum

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12
Q

Pericardium

A

A tough protective sac surrounding the heart

Double membrane is filled with fluid to allow friction free movement

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13
Q

What muscle is found in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle - never tires

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14
Q

What’s special about cardiac muscle

A

If never tires

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15
Q

What makes up the hearts blood supply

A

Coronary arteries & coronary veins

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16
Q

Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood

A

Left

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17
Q

Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood

A

Right

18
Q

Role of valves

A

Prevent back flow of blood

19
Q

What controls the heartbeat

A

Sino-atrial node (SA node)

20
Q

Which vein has the lowest levels of metabolic waste in the blood

A

Renal vein

21
Q

Which vein carries blood between the intestine and the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

22
Q

What term is used to describe a circulatory system that begins and ends in capillaries

A

Portal

23
Q

Pulse

A

The contraction of the walls of the arteries

24
Q

Why can your pulse be felt at your wrist and neck?

A

Artery is close to surface of skin

25
Q

How are the pulmonary and systemic system linked?

A

The heart

26
Q

What is the difference in the composition of blood in the pulmonary artery when compared to other arteries?

A

Lower oxygen concentration

27
Q

Name 2 arteries that make up part of the systemic system

A
  • aorta
  • renal artery
  • coronary artery
  • hepatic artery
28
Q

DIAGRAM of the heart

A
29
Q

DIAGRAM of TS of artery & vein

A
30
Q

DIAGRAM of LS of artery & vein

A
31
Q

Where is the pacemaker located?

A

Wall of right atrium

32
Q

State a location of a semi-lunar valve and describe its function

A

Between right ventricle and base of pulmonary artery OR between left ventricle and exit of aorta

Prevent blood flow back into (named) atrium

33
Q

Why do arteries not need valves?

A

Blood under pressure so back flow will not occur

34
Q

State two lifestyle choices a person could make to improve heart health

A
  • stop smoking
  • exercise regularly
  • improve diet
  • reduce salt intake
  • drink in moderation
35
Q

What does blood pressure measure?

A

Amount of pressure required to stop flow of blood in the artery

36
Q

Human blood is classified into A, B, AB, O. What other system is used to further classify blood?

A

Rhesus

37
Q

Name a vein that transports blood out of the muscle of the heart

A

Cardiac / coronary vein

38
Q

Name a vein that brings blood away from the kidneys

A

Renal vein

39
Q

Name a vein that carries very little carbon dioxide

A

Pulmonary vein

40
Q

Name a vein that brings blood into the right atrium

A

Vena cava

41
Q

Name a vein that has capillaries at both ends

A

Hepatic portal vein

Biology (34 decks)

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