The Heart & Blood Vessels (chpt. 26) Flashcards
Open circulatory system
Blood leaves blood vessels and flows around the cells before re-entering blood vessels
Closed circulatory system
Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels
What type of circulatory system do humans have
Double closed circulatory system
- pulmonary system
- systemic system
Advantages of a closed circulatory system
Blood can be pumped faster
Flow of blood can be increased / decreased
Advantages of double circulatory system
- separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- endures blood pressure is high enough to reach all parts of body
- allows for rapid and efficient delivery of nutrients
Portal system
A blood supply that flows from one organ directly to another without passing through the heart
3 types of blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
- carry blood AWAY from heart
- thick wall of muscle & elastic fibres
- no valves
- carry oxygenated blood
- rapid blood flow under pressure
- blood flows in pulses
Veins
- carry blood TO heart
- thin wall of muscle & elastic fibres
- valves prevent the back flow of blood
- carry deoxygenated blood
- slow blood flow under low pressure
- blood flows steadily
Capillaries
- wall is only 1 cell thick
- extremely narrow lumen
- no valves
- link arteries and veins
- carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- slow blood flow
Where is the heart located
In the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, slightly to the left, above diaphragm and behind sternum
Pericardium
A tough protective sac surrounding the heart
Double membrane is filled with fluid to allow friction free movement
What muscle is found in the heart
Cardiac muscle - never tires
What’s special about cardiac muscle
If never tires
What makes up the hearts blood supply
Coronary arteries & coronary veins
Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood
Left
Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood
Right
Role of valves
Prevent back flow of blood
What controls the heartbeat
Sino-atrial node (SA node)
Which vein has the lowest levels of metabolic waste in the blood
Renal vein
Which vein carries blood between the intestine and the liver
Hepatic portal vein
What term is used to describe a circulatory system that begins and ends in capillaries
Portal
Pulse
The contraction of the walls of the arteries
Why can your pulse be felt at your wrist and neck?
Artery is close to surface of skin
How are the pulmonary and systemic system linked?
The heart
What is the difference in the composition of blood in the pulmonary artery when compared to other arteries?
Lower oxygen concentration
Name 2 arteries that make up part of the systemic system
- aorta
- renal artery
- coronary artery
- hepatic artery
DIAGRAM of the heart
DIAGRAM of TS of artery & vein
DIAGRAM of LS of artery & vein
Where is the pacemaker located?
Wall of right atrium
State a location of a semi-lunar valve and describe its function
Between right ventricle and base of pulmonary artery OR between left ventricle and exit of aorta
Prevent blood flow back into (named) atrium
Why do arteries not need valves?
Blood under pressure so back flow will not occur
State two lifestyle choices a person could make to improve heart health
- stop smoking
- exercise regularly
- improve diet
- reduce salt intake
- drink in moderation
What does blood pressure measure?
Amount of pressure required to stop flow of blood in the artery
Human blood is classified into A, B, AB, O. What other system is used to further classify blood?
Rhesus
Name a vein that transports blood out of the muscle of the heart
Cardiac / coronary vein
Name a vein that brings blood away from the kidneys
Renal vein
Name a vein that carries very little carbon dioxide
Pulmonary vein
Name a vein that brings blood into the right atrium
Vena cava
Name a vein that has capillaries at both ends
Hepatic portal vein
