Human Breathing (chpt. 30) Flashcards
Why is breathing through the nose beneficial
- air is filtered / cleaned by hairs & mucus
- air is moistened
- nasal passages warm the air
Respiration
The release of energy from food using oxygen
(Catabolic)
Process of inhaling
- intercostal muscles contract (ribs up and out)
- diaphragm contracts (moves down)
- volume of thorax increases and lungs expand
- pressure in cavity decreases
- needs energy (ATP)
Process of exhaling
- intercostal muscles relax (ribs move down and in)
- diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
- volume of thorax decreases and the lungs return to normal
- pressure in cavity increases
- passive process (no energy)
(Active during exercise)
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Controls breathing by sending impulses
What controls breathing?
The medulla oblongata in the brain
BREATHING DISORDER - Name / Symptoms / Causes / Prevention / Treatment
Asthma
- wheezing
- allergens (pollen, dust, exercise)
- avoid allergens and triggers
- inhaler (bronchodilator)
Where does gaseous exchange take place
Alveoli
What is gaseous exchange
The diffusion of gases in and out of the bloodstream
Explain process of gaseous exchange
- occurs by diffusion in the alveoli
- the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
- alveoli are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries
Adaptations of the alveoli
- walls are one cell thick
- moist walls
- very numerous - large surface area
HOMEOSTASIS in breathing
Carbon dioxide levels in blood are detected and an increase in CO2 = an increase in breathing
Role of nose in the respiratory system
Cilia and nose mucus filter and warm aid
Role of trachea in the respiratory system
Lined with cilia and mucus
Role of rings of cartilage in the respiratory system
Along trachea - keep it open
Role of pleural membrane in the respiratory system
Contains liquid to prevent friction when breathing
Role of diaphragm in the respiratory system
Sheet of muscle under rib cage, seals chest cavity and rib cage
Plays role in inhalation
Role of ribs in the respiratory system
Protect lungs
Role of intercostal muscles in the respiratory system
Found between ribs and keeps them separated
Contract & relax to allow expansion when breathing
Role of epiglottis in the respiratory system
Involuntary flap that stops food going down trachea
DIAGRAM of the respiratory system
DIAGRAM of alveolus (showing blood supply)
Identify the muscles located between the ribs
Intercostal
Name the process by which gaseous exchange takes place
Diffusion
What does it mean that exhalation is a passive process?
No energy reauired
Outline the process by which the brain controls the breathing process
Medulla oblongata monitors the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood
*need 2 points
Name the vein that leaves the lungs
Pulmonary vein
Describe the sequence of events that cause the rib cage to move up and out during the process of inhalation
Muscles of diaphragm contract causing it to flatten
Intercostal muscles contract
Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?
More oxygen required
Explain what it means that inhalation is an active process
Energy required
