Cell Structure & Cell Diversity (chpt. 7 & 8)

Question 1

Protoplasm

Answer 1

All the living parts of a cell

Question 2

Ultrastructure

Answer 2

The detail of a structure as seen using an electron microscope

Question 3

Cell / plasma membrane

Answer 3

Controls passage of substances in and out of cell
Is semi - permeable
No definite shape
Composed of proteins and lipids - phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

Said to be fluid
Phospholipids and proteins

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Control centre of cell
Contains chromosomes
Double membrane (nuclear pores)
Makes ribosomes

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Where organelles are suspended
Location of metabolic activities

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Only in plants
Gives shape and rigidity
Tough cellulose fibres

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

Large and permanent
Stores cell sap, a solution of salt & sugar

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Site of respiration

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Plants only
Contains chlorophyll (photosynthesis)

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

Do not possess a membrane bound nucleus but contain a mass of DNA in cytoplasm (found as loops)
Do not have membrane bound organelles
E.g. bacteria

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

Have membrane around their DNA and possess a true nucleus. Have membrane bound organelles

Question 13

Tissue

Answer 13

A group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function

Question 14

Plant tissues

Answer 14

Dermal tissue
A single later of cells that surrounds the outer surface of all plants
Protection
Waxy cuticle

Vascular tissue
Transports material around the plant
Xylem: water & minerals
Phloem: food from leaves to other areas

Question 15

Animal tissues

Answer 15

Muscle
Found in muscles + many internal organs
Contracts
Contains mitochondria for respiration

Nervous tissue
Composed of nerve cells called neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the brain to the spinal cord
Covered by myelin sheath

Question 16

Tissue culture

Answer 16

The growth of tissues in or on an artificial sterile medium outside an organism

Question 17

Uses of tissue culture

Answer 17

Skin grafts, cancer research, micro propagation

Question 18

Clone

Answer 18

A cluster of identical offspring

Question 19

Organ

Answer 19

A structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions
Plants e.g. root, stem, leaf, flower
Animals e.g. heart, stomach, skin, liver, brain

Question 20

System

Answer 20

A number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
E.g. digestive, urinary, endocrine, skeletal, reproductive

Question 21

DRAW plant cell, animal cell, active & inactive mitochondria, nucleus, phospholipid bilayer, chloroplast

Question 22

Stain used for plant cells

Answer 22

Iodine

Question 23

Stain used for animal cells

Answer 23

Methylene blue

Question 24

What term is used to describe organisms that do not have nuclei?

Answer 24

Prokaryotes (prokaryotic)

Question 25

What term is used to describe organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?

Answer 25

Eukaryotes (eukaryotic)

Question 26

What type of microscope shows the most detail

Answer 26

Electron microscope

Question 27

Selective permeability

Answer 27

Only certain substances allowed through

Question 28

Where are ribosomes made?

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

Is a plant cell an example of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell? Why?

Answer 29

Eukaryotic

Contains membrane bound organelles (nucleus, mitochondria)

Question 30

Name the most detailed microscope

Answer 30

Electron microscope