the fungal kingdom

Question 1

basal fungi

Answer 1

Chytridiomycota
Glomeromycota
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Lichens
Basidiomycota

Question 2

why are chytrids important in food webs

Answer 2

• zoospores are food sources for phytoplankton
• chytrids decompose organic matter
• convert inorganic compounds to organic compounds

Question 3

chytrids are parasite of

Answer 3

aquatic plants and animals

Question 4

where are anaerobic chytrids foun

Answer 4

in rumen and hangouts of herbivores

Question 5

the basal fungi: zygomycota

Answer 5

multi-nucleate mycelium- no septa- coenocytic. Asexual spores in sporangium. Two hyphae fuse t form zygote

Question 6

how many species of zygomycota

Answer 6

1090

Question 7

where is zygomycota found

Answer 7

saprotrophic soil/dung. Mouldy fruit and break. Parasitic on insects and amoeba.

Question 8

what diseases in humans, frogs, cattle and pigs does zygomyota cause

Answer 8

Zygomycosis

Question 9

the basal fungi: Chytridiomycota

Answer 9

found in aquatic environments, living as parasite of algae and platonic plants.

Question 10

where are chytridiomycota found

Answer 10

soils living as saprotrophs on pollen, chitin, keratin and cellulose

Question 11

how many species of chytridiomycota

Answer 11

700

Question 12

simple structures of Chytridiomycota

Answer 12

thallus becomes sporangium- asexual.

-releases zoospores

Question 13

the basal fungi: glomeromycota

Answer 13

microscopic obligate intracellular mutualistic symbionts of all plant roots.

• large, multi-nucleate
• spores with layered walls
• non septet hyphae
• Form arbuscular mycorrhiza

Question 14

what form on plants roots infected with Glomeromycotas

Answer 14

arbuscules

Question 15

zygomycosis

Answer 15

infects immune compromised patients–> sometimes normal hosts. 50 to90% mortality. Risk increases with diabetes, steroid and other immune suppressive treatments and high serum iron levels

Question 16

ascomycetes

Answer 16

• largest group in fungal kingdom
• filamentous fungi and some yeast.
• septate hyphae
• carry sexual spores in a sac like structure called the ascus

Question 17

where are sexual spores carried in ascomycetes

Answer 17

sac like structures called ASCUS’

Question 18

ascomycotina human pathogen examples

Answer 18

Candida, Pneumocystis, Trichophyton

Question 19

which fungal kingdom is known as drug manufacturers

Answer 19

ascomycotina

Question 20

which drugs do ascomycotina produce

Answer 20

Penicillium and Aspergillus

Question 21

how many types of lichens

Answer 21

4

Question 22

name the 4 lichen types

Answer 22

Crustose, foliose, Squamulose, Fruticose

Question 23

Crustose lichen

Answer 23

crust like and adhere tightly to the surface upon which they grow

Question 24

Foliose lichen

Answer 24

are leaf-like, composed of flat sheets of loosely bound tissu

Question 25

Squamulose lichen

Answer 25

composed of scale-like parts

Question 26

fruticose lichen

Answer 26

compound of free standing and branching tubes

Question 27

what are lichens

Answer 27

mutualistic associations between a fungus (mycobiont) and a photosynthetic algal or cyanobacteria partner (phycobiont)

Question 28

how many lichen species known

Answer 28

30,000

Question 29

lichen symbioses nearly always involves

Answer 29

ascomycota and very rarely basidiomycota

Question 30

lichens form… of a reindeer diet

Answer 30

95%

Question 31

lichens produce

Answer 31

usnic acid

Question 32

what can be dominant life forms in desert environment

Answer 32

lichens

- very resilient –> they have been taken to space and subjected to extremely hard conditions and show no damage

Question 33

Candida albicans

Answer 33

ubiquitous human pathogen–> thrush–> ascomycotina

Question 34

how many species of Basidiomycota

Answer 34

32,000

Question 35

Basidiomycota

Answer 35

septum and dolipores. Sexually reproduce using basidiospore on basidium. Asexual reproduction- clamp connection

Question 36

when we refer to the cost of fungal disease (3)

Answer 36

1) ecosystem cost
2) humanitarian cost
3) financial cost

Question 37

structure of lichen

Answer 37

around 25um wide.
Bottom layer is around 500um thick and called the medulla of gunnel hyphae. The next layer is around 10-15um thick and contains photobiont cells. The top part is called the upper cortex of fungal hyphae