ecosystems

Question 1

ecosystem

Answer 1

sum of all organisms and abiotic factors in a particular environment

Question 2

abiotic components

Answer 2

arenon-living chemical and physical factors in the environments

Question 3

species diversity is made up of

Answer 3

species richness and species abundance

Question 4

Species richness

Answer 4

total number of species present in an ecosystem

Question 5

species abundance

Answer 5

the proportion of each species in an ecosystem

Question 6

abundance and richness are a function of

Answer 6

nutrient variety and availability

Question 7

marine microbial ecosystems

Answer 7

• Pelagic zone- nutrient poor
• primary producers are prochlorophytes
• photic zone= 200m below surface
• pelagibacter ubique- nonphototrophic oligotrophy

Question 8

archaea are more suited to the

Answer 8

extreme conditions below the photic zone

Question 9

symbiosis

Answer 9

mutalisma nd commensalism

Question 10

mutualism

Answer 10

both species benefit

Question 11

commensalism

Answer 11

one species benefits, the other is neither harmed or benefited

Question 12

synthrophy

Answer 12

two or more organisms catabolising a nutrient that cannot be catabolised by one on its own

Question 13

where are syntrophs abundant

Answer 13

in deltaproteobacteria and low GC gram positive bacteria

Question 14

symbiosis

Answer 14

the relationship between 2 or more organisms that share a particular ecosystem

Question 15

bacteria living on our large intestine

Answer 15

supply us with vitamins K, thus evolving from commensalism to mutualism

Question 16

in the rumen of a cow

Answer 16

fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus hydrolyze cellulose to sugars and ferment the sugars to volatile fatty acids

Question 17

bacteria in the environment grow at rate typical to

Answer 17

1% of those seen in the labs due to : limited resources of nutrients, poor distribution of nutrients and mixed populations

Question 18

the gut micro biome include

Answer 18

the stomach, s.intestine and the large intestine

Question 19

stomach

Answer 19

10^4 bacteria at pH2

Question 20

jejunum

Answer 20

10^3- 10^5 bacteria at pH4

Question 21

ileum

Answer 21

10^8 bacteria at pH5

Question 22

colon

Answer 22

10^11-10^12 at pH 7

Question 23

gut micro biome is made up of

Answer 23

23% bacteriodetes and 64% firmicutes

Question 24

role of gut micro biome in obesity

Answer 24

lean mice have more bacteriodetes and less firmicutes and methanogens –> therefore more H2 is produced and less fermentation occurs

Question 25

mutualistic behaviour of plants and bacteria

Answer 25

Legume-root nodule symbiosis- essential in fixing nitrogen and supplying to plants
e.g. rhizobia–> symbiosis between these plants and bacteria prove the plant with the ability to grow well without nitrogen fertiliser. under normal conditions, neither the league plant nor its bacterial symbiont can nitrogen

Question 26

Which organisms live in the photic zone (200m below sea)

Answer 26

Prochlorophyta is a group of photosynthetic bacteria, an important component of picoplankton.

Question 27

pelagic zone

Answer 27

Any water in a sea or lake that is neither close to the bottom nor near the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone

Question 28

which organisms live in the pelagic zone

Answer 28

pelagibacter ubique