fungal growth and development- MR

Question 1

hyphae growth is the defining feature of

Answer 1

filamentous fungi

Question 2

the termination of polarised hyphal growth is

Answer 2

a key prerequisite for development and pathogenesis

Question 3

during germination what occurs

Answer 3

switching of growth mode

Question 4

which two growth mode do fungi switch between

Answer 4

isometric and polarised

Question 5

two types of hyphae

Answer 5

1) coenocytic or aspirate hyphae

2) septet hyphae

Question 6

coenocytic/ aseptate hyphae

Answer 6

no septum or pores within the hyphae

Question 7

septet hyphae

Answer 7

septum and pores which split up the hyphae

Question 8

complete septa

Answer 8

imperforate

Question 9

regulated septa

Answer 9

perforate

Question 10

what is within a simple perforate in Ascomycota

Answer 10

the woronin body

Question 11

what are septa protected by in Basidiomycota

Answer 11

a cap down as the parenthosome - these septa are called dolipores

Question 12

dolipores

Answer 12

septa with parenthosomes- basidiomycota

Question 13

what do septa permit

Answer 13

compartmentalisation of cells and hence differentiation

Question 14

fungal cell wall role

Answer 14

• maintenance of cell shape
• stabilisation of internal osmotic conditions
• protection against physical stress
• a scaffold for extracellular proteins and secreted enzymes

Question 15

main proteins in fungal cell wall

Answer 15

• top and thickest layer= mannoproteins
• middle layer- B-1,6-glucan and B-1,3-glucan
• bottom layer- chitin

Question 16

top layer of fungal cell wall

Answer 16

mannoproteins

Question 17

bottom layer of fungal cell wall

Answer 17

chitin

Question 18

what do hyphae contain and what are their role

Answer 18

contain microtubules, connecting compartments and allowing intercellular communication and reallocation of resources.

Question 19

hyphae tips

Answer 19

• polarised
• can change direction
• show autotropism

Question 20

when hyphae fuse

Answer 20

anastomose

Question 21

how can hyphae fuse

Answer 21

• -> tip-tip
• -> tip-side
• -> self fusions and non-self fusion
• -> specialised fusions for sex

Question 22

specialised fusion for sex are called

Answer 22

clamp connections

Question 23

hyphae fusion allows for

Answer 23

the formation of complex interconnected networks

Question 24

what two things drive hyphae extension

Answer 24

1) turgor pressure- closed hydraulic system

2) balanced lysis using the vesicle supply centre (spitzenkorper)

Question 25

hyphae can differentiate to give

Answer 25

tissues different properties

Question 26

generative hyphae

Answer 26

hyphae that bear clamp connections or spore

Question 27

skeletal hyphae

Answer 27

long, unbranched, think or thick walled hyphae

Question 28

binding hyphae

Answer 28

thick-walled hyphae that branch frequently

Question 29

a fruit body with only generative hyphae has a

Answer 29

monomitic hypha system

Question 30

fruit bodies with two or more types of hyphae are called

Answer 30

dimitic or trimitic

Question 31

skeletal and binding hyphae are usually

Answer 31

empty of cell contents--> thats why polypores are so tough and hard

Question 32

conidiation

Answer 32

a biological process in which filamentous fungi reproduce from spores

Question 33

asexual spores are produced by

Answer 33

conidiation

Question 34

spore are also known as

Answer 34

conidia

Question 35

growth of spore process

Answer 35

as mother cell grows the oldest spore is muted out, so it is on the end of the chain. Septet form between each spore. the Phialide (mother cell) will be attached to the youngest spore

Question 36

geiger fungi produce..

Answer 36

complex multi-cellar structures to support spore production

Question 37

fungal mycelium

Answer 37

Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus or fungus-like bacterial colony, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.

Question 38

fungal mycelium are not resource restricted because they can

Answer 38

expose, capture, exploit, consolidate, combat and disseminate

Question 39

growth of a mycelium

Answer 39

has a lag phase, exponential phase (unrestricted conditions), linear (content growth rate) and deceleration phases of growth, which occur as conditions become restriction

Question 40

maturing mycelia become affect dby

Answer 40

nutrient limitation, change in pH and growth inhibitors (metabolic waste products and secondary metabolites that the mycelium produce)