The First war of Independence

Question 1

When did this war take place?

Answer 1

1857

Question 2

Causes of the war

Answer 2

political, socio- religious, economic, military

Question 3

What were the political causes ?

Answer 3

1. Policy of expansion (outright wars, subsidiary alliance, doctrine of lapse, alleged misrule)
2. Disrespect to Bahadur shah
3. Treatment of Nana Saheb
4. Absentee sovereignty of British

Question 4

When was Battle of Plassey?

Answer 4

1757

Question 5

What happened in battle of Buxar?

Answer 5

in 1764, British took over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha

Question 6

Anglo-Mysore wars

Answer 6

1767-1799 ) Mysore was annexed

Question 7

Third Anglo- Maratha war

Answer 7

1817-1818 → Maratha territory

Question 8

Second Anglo- Sikh war

Answer 8

1849 → Punjab

Question 9

Who introduced subsidiary alliance?

Answer 9

Lord Wellesley

Question 10

Define subsidiary alliance

Answer 10

subsidiary alliance was an agreement between East India Company and Indian Princely States by virtue of which these states lost their sovereignty (power of a ruler to rule independently without any outside interference ) to the British.

Question 11

Rulers who agreed to Subsidiary alliance had to …

Answer 11

l. Accept British as supreme power
2. Manage British troops at their own cost
3. Lost independence
4. Surrendered their foreign relations to East India company

Question 12

Treaty of Allahabad

Answer 12

1765
Awad h entered into subsidiary alliance. . The Company defended the frontiers as long as the Nawab paid for the expenses.

Question 13

When was Awadh annexed and Why

Answer 13

In 1856, due to misrule

Question 14

Who started Doctrine of lapse?

Answer 14

Lord Dalhousie

Question 15

Define doctrine of lapse

Answer 15

If an Indian ruler died without a male heir, his kingdom would come under the Company’s territory in India. The Regal titles of Nawab of Carnatic and Tangore were taken away.

Question 16

Hardships faced by people of Awadh.

Answer 16

1. Higher land revenue
   
   2. Unemployment
      3-Lands of the zamindars were confiscated
2. Sepoys had to join company’s army

Question 17

Where was Nana Sabeb forced to live?

Answer 17

At Kanpur.
This was resented by the Marathas.

Question 18

What is absentee sovereignty of British?

Answer 18

India was ruled by the British government from England, thousands of miles away

Question 19

What are the socio-religious causes?

Answer 19

I. Interference with customs
2. Apprehensions about modern innovations
3. Policy of racial discrimination
4. Corruption in administration
5. Western education
6. Oppression of poor

Question 20

When was sati abolished?

Answer 20

1829

Question 21

When was the Widow Remarriage Act?

Answer 21

1856

Question 22

What happened during the Charter Act?

Answer 22

in 1813, it led to an increase in the number and activities of Christian missionaries

Question 23

What is Law of Property?

Answer 23

It enabled a convert from Hinduism to another religion to inherit his father’s property

Question 24

What were the economic causes?

Answer 24

1. Exploitation of Economic resources
2. Drain of wealth
3. Decay of AHandicrafts
4. Economic decline of peasantry
5. Decline of Aristocracy
6. Unemployment
7. Harsh treatment of Indigo cultivators
8. poverty and famines

Question 25

Define drain of wealth

Answer 25

The transfer of wealth from India to England for which India got no proportionate economic return

Question 26

What is Economic decline of Peasantry?

Answer 26

Increase in land revenue forced Peasants into debt and selling their lands

Question 27

What is landed Aristocracy decline?

Answer 27

According to Inam Commission (1852) , 20,000 estates were confiscated because the owners could not produce title deeds. These lands were sold at a public auction.

Question 28

What are military causes?

Answer 28

1. Ill treatment of Indian soldiers
2. General Service Enlistment Act
3. More indians in British army
4. No promotions.
5. No allowances
6. Faulty distribution of troops
7. Poor performance of British troops
8. Low salaries.

Question 29

When was General Service Enlistment Act passed?

Answer 29

1856

Question 30

What did the Post Office Act do?

Answer 30

In 1854, it withdrew the free postage privilege of the sepoys.

Question 31

What were the consequences of the First war?

Answer 31

1. End of Company’s rule
2. End of Mughals and Pesh was
3. Racial Antagonism
   h. Queen Victoria’s Proclamation
4. Change in religions
5. Growth of nationalism
   y. Relations with princely states
6. Divide and rule

Question 32

When was Government of India Act?

Answer 32

1858
1. Transferred power from Company to the Crown
2 A member of the British Cabinet was made the Secretary of State and was appointed an Indian Council
3. Actual governance was carried out by the viceroy
4. Appointments to Civil Services were made by open competition.

Question 33

When was the transfer of governance made public?

Answer 33

In Allahabad, On Nov.7,1858, by Lord Canning

Question 34

What did victoria’s proclamation promise?

Answer 34

1. Non_ intervention in social and religious matters
2. Equality
3. General pardon to those who participated in war
4. advance industries of India
5. Promote works of public utility

Question 35

Where was Bahadur shah II deported?

Answer 35

Yangon

Question 36

When did Victoria assume title of Empress?

Answer 36

1876

Question 37

How was.the Indian army reorganized after 1858?

Answer 37

1, Ratio of Europeans to Indians changed
2. Europeans were kept in key military ‘positions
3. Weapons were never placed under the charge of indians
4. Discrimination continued in recruitment
5. The press were kept away from sepoys

Question 38

How were Indians exploited economically after the revolt?

Answer 38

I. India became colonial economy
2. Salaries of Secretary of State, council, and civil servants drained resources
3. Poverty of peasants
4. Handicrafts industry was destroyed.
b. Indians had to pay high interest