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History/ Civics > Independence and Partition of India > Flashcards

Independence and Partition of India Flashcards

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1
Q

cabinet mission plan

A

Clement Attlee, the new British PM declared in the house of Commons on Feb 19, 1946, that a Cabinet Mission would be sent to India to facilitate the process of transfer of power

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2
Q

cabinet members

A
  1. Pethic Lawrence, Secretary of State
  2. Sir Stafford Cripps, President of Board of Trade
  3. AV Alexander, First Lord of Admiralty
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3
Q

clauses of cabinet mission plan

A
  1. federal union
  2. powers of the union
  3. provincial autonomy
  4. grouping of provinces
  5. formation of constituent assemblies
  6. representation of minorities
  7. formation of an interim government
  8. freedom to join commonwealth
  9. transfer of power
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4
Q

meaning of Federal Union

A

there was to be a federal union of the British provinces and princely states. The union government should deal with:
1. foreign affairs
2. defence
3. communication
union govt should have the power to raise the finances for the above subjects

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5
Q

Powers of Union

A

the union would have its own executive and legislature consisting of members elected by all the provinces

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6
Q

provincial autonomy

A

the provinces would enjoy full autonomy for all subjects other than union subjects

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7
Q

grouping of provinces

A
  1. group A: madras, bombay, central provinces, united provinces, bihar, odisha
  2. group B: punjab, north west frontier province, sind
  3. group C: bengal, assam, (delhi, ajmer-marwar, coorg to join group A) (Baluchistan to join group B)
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8
Q

composition of constituent assembly

A

389 members
1. 296 from british provinces
2. 93 from elected princely states

members would be elected by Provincial Legislative Assemblies

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9
Q

interim government

A

an interim government was formed at the centre with 14 members. the viceroy would reconstitute his executive council consisting of representatives of all communities

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10
Q

reaction of the congress to CMP

A

accepted the proposals with reservations. it accepted only that part of the scheme which dealt with the constitution making.
rejected the viceroy’s offer to form an interim government because of its limited status and powers and also because the principle of parity with the Muslim League was not acceptable to it

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11
Q

reaction of the muslim league to CMP

A

accepted it in its entirety in June 1946 because it felt that the grouping of muslim majority was the way to form Pakistan. the league asked WAVELL, the viceroy, to constitute an interim govt.

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12
Q

when did Mountbatten assume office of Viceroy and Governer-general

A

1947

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13
Q

why was Mountbatten appointed

A
  1. his immediate task was to restore peace between two warring sections- the congress and muslim league- both in his executive council and country at large
  2. realised that CMP would not work in India and a partition was inevitable
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14
Q

when was Mountbatten plan announced

A

June 3, 1947

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15
Q

main points of Mountbatten plan

A
  1. partition
  2. relations between two new dominions (can decide themselves)
  3. boundary commission (to settle boundaries of two dominions)
  4. princely states (free to associate themselves with either of the dominions, or remain independent)
  5. Bengal and Punjab partition
  6. Sindh (own decision)
  7. NWFP (a plebiscite was to be held there whether the people wanted to join India or Pakistan)
  8. Muslim majority of Sylhet was to decide whether they would join East Bengal or Assam
  9. existing constituent assembly may continue to work, but the constitution would not apply to Pakistan
  10. transfer of power to take place earlier than June 1948
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16
Q

when did the British Parliament pass an act for the transfer of power

A

August 15, 1947

17
Q

reaction to mountbatten plan

A

the nationalists deplored the partition of India
Muslim league was not fully satisfied with the way Pakistan was divided

18
Q

reason for accepting Mountbatten plan

A
  1. large scale communal riots engulfed the city. the only way to solve it was the partition of India.
  2. the league had joined the interim government to obstruct and not to cooperate. experience of working with the league convinced the congress that it could not have a join administration with the league.
  3. a smaller India with strong central authority was better than a larger india with weak central Authority
  4. the British were instigating the rulers of Indian States to remain independent. partition was the price of immediate independence
  5. further delay of transfer of power would cause civil war in India
  6. partition would rid the constitution of separate electorates and other undemocratic procedures
19
Q

when was the Indian independence Act given Royal Assent

A

July 18, 1947

20
Q

main provisions of Indian Independence Act

A
  1. two new dominions
  2. provisions of partition
  3. governor-general for each dominion
  4. constituent assemblies to serve as central legislatures
  5. end of jurisdiction of british parliament
  6. princely states became independent to associate themselves with either of the dominions
  7. treaties and agreements between the british were lapsed
  8. division of army and assets
  9. office of secretary of state and Interest of existing officers
21
Q

what were the provisions of partitions

A
  1. both bengal and punjab would be divided if desired so by the people. the hindu and muslim majority would decide through a majority vote.
  2. a plebiscite would be held in NWFP and Sylhet in East Bengal whether they would like to join India or Pakistan
22
Q

end of jurisdiction of British parliament

A
  1. legislative authority of british parliament would cease from Aug 15, 1947
  2. abolition of ‘Emperor of India’ by british monarch
  3. till new constitution was formed, each of the dominions and all provinces were to be governed in accordance with the Act of 1935
  4. Governor-general was given the powers to modify or adopt the government of India act 1935 by Mar 31. 1948
  5. the right to veto laws was taken away from the king and given to the governor-general

History/ Civics (20 decks)

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