Rise of Dictatorships

Question 1

motto of dictatorships

Answer 1

everything for the state, everything within the state, nothing outside the state

Question 2

fascism means

Answer 2

derived from word fascio, meaning union or league

Question 3

symbol of fascism

Answer 3

ancient roman symbol of power; bundle of sticks bound to an axe that showed civic unity and the authority of Roman officials to punish wrongdoers

Question 4

define fascism

Answer 4

autocracy or dictatorship, where the power of the state vested in one man only, and it is obligatory for all the others to obey his orders

Question 5

causes for rise of fascism

Answer 5

1. discontentment with treaty of Versailles
2. economic crisis
3. political instability
4. class conflicts
5. threat of socialism or communism
6. failure of league of nations
7. leadership provided by Mussolini

Question 6

discontentment with treaty of versailles

Answer 6

1. gained turkey and germany when it joined the allies
2. by treaty, she only got southern tyrol and trentino, and coastal regions of dalmatia

Question 7

economic crisis (fascism)

Answer 7

1. italy suffered heavy losses in terms of life and property in WW1
2. trade and commerce were ruined
3. unemployment
4. shortage of food

Question 8

political instability

Answer 8

1. elections failed to give clear majority to a single party
2. 6 coalition governments were formed in italy
3. various parties had different policies and programmes, no continuity in their policies
4. unable to deal with unemployment, strikes, riots

Question 9

class conflicts

Answer 9

1. issue in europe was whether control of government and economic systems would continue in possession of aristocracies or would be in the hands of less privileged majorities
2. common man was promised that during the war, he would be rewarded by greater attention to economic needs, but promises were ignored

Question 10

threat to socialism or communism (fascism)

Answer 10

1. communists inflamed atmosphere with revolutionary ideas
2. workmen organised strikes, damaged machines, took hold of factories
3. communists planned on overthrowing the government and capturing power
4. people wanted powerful leadership who could establish peace and prosperity by ending lawlessness

Question 11

failure of league of nations

Answer 11

1. proved weak and failed to achieve its aims
2. failed to check rise of dictatorships

Question 12

leadership provided by Mussolini

Answer 12

1. charismatic personality
2. speeches praised the past glories of italy and won faith of countrymen
3. aka ‘Duce’ meaning leader

Question 13

causes for rise of Nazism

Answer 13

1. humiliating treaty of versailles
2. growing fear of communism
3. economic crisis
4. resurgence of militant nationalism
5. anti-semitic propaganda
6. absence of strong opposition
7. establishment of volunteer corps
8. charismatic personality of hitler

Question 14

humiliating treaty of versailles

Answer 14

1. germany was forced to cede large chunks of her territory to france, belgium, poland, denmark
2. overseas possessions were divided among the allies in the war
3. forced to pay huge reparitions (33 bil.)
4. max number of german army was 100000

Question 15

growing fear of communism (nazism)

Answer 15

1. after BOLSHEVIK revolution in russia, communist influence in germany increased
2. captured seats in Reichstag
3. hitler tried to persuade people in germany that nazism alone could check the growing power of communism

Question 16

economic crisis (nazism)

Answer 16

1. germany suffered in agriculture, colonies, foreign investment, trade contracts
2. foreign countries raised tariff against german goods
3. unemployment
4. hitler would condone farmers’ debts
5. he promised capitalists that industries would not be nationalised

Question 17

resurgence of militant nationalism

Answer 17

1. germans could not reconcile with democratic parliamentary system
2. preferred prestige and glory to liberty and freedom
3. hitler promised them this

Question 18

anti semitic propaganda

Answer 18

1. nazis described jews as traitors, that jews had conspired with allies and could commit treason against germany

Question 19

establishment of volunteer corps (nazism)

Answer 19

1. after treaty, many soldiers were unemployed
2. hitler gathered these soldiers and organised them into volunteer corps that served as the party army
3. they propagated the programme of nazi party and safeguarded its interests

Question 20

charismatic personality of hitler

Answer 20

1. shrewd politician and brave soldier
2. knew the art of moulding public opinion in his favour
3. gifted orator who captivated germans with his emotional speeches

Question 21

book by hitler

Answer 21

Mein Kampf (my struggle)

Question 22

aims of nazism

Answer 22

1. exalt nationalism
2. advocate the rule by a great leader from a single party
3. despise internationalism, peace, democracy
4. use force and brutality
5. extol war
6. uphold racial supremacy of the germans and to hate jews

Question 23

similarities between CAUSES of fascism and nazism

Answer 23

1. discontentment with treaty
2. economic crisis- unemployment
3. hatred for democratic principles
4. preference for totalitarian system and one party rule
5. fear of spread of communism
6. political instability and class conflicts
7. failure of LON
8. leadership by mussolini and hitler

Question 24

similarity between ideologies of fascism and nazism

Answer 24

1. to have faith in totalitarian rule
2. despise democratic political system
3. to hold that the state is supreme and it could suppress the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals
4. uphold one-party and one leader
5. believe in aggressive nationalism and imperialism
6. regard war as an instrument for furthering national interests
   7 uphold intensely nationalistic and anti-communist, anti-democratic rule