First Phase of Indian National Movement

Question 1

when was early nationalist phase

Answer 1

1885-1907

Question 2

when was assertive phase

Answer 2

1907-1916

Question 3

when was gandhian era

Answer 3

1915-1947

Question 4

what is constitutional agitation method

Answer 4

they believed in the policy of constitutional agitation within legal framework, and slow orderly political progress.

Question 5

first objective of early nationalists

Answer 5

educate people in indian in modern politics, arouse national political consciousness and create united public opinion.

Question 6

methods of first objective

Answer 6

1. held meetings where speeches were made and resolutions for popular demands were passed
2. used press to criticize government policies
3. sent memorandums and petitions to british govt`

Question 7

second objective

Answer 7

influence british government and british public

Question 8

methods of second objective

Answer 8

1. petitions, prayers, protests
2. british committee of INC was set up in london which published weekly journal ‘India’
3. deputations of indian leaders were sent to britain to carry on active propaganda and spread awareness

Question 9

reforms by early nationalists

Answer 9

1. appointment of Public Service Commission in 1886
2. A resolution of House Of Commons (1893) for simultaneous civil services examination in london and india
3. appointment of Welby Commission on Indian expenditure (1895)
4. Indian councils act of 1892

Question 10

Contributions of DJ

Answer 10

1. India’s unofficial ambassador (founded London indian society in 1865. First indian to become a British House of Commons member. Started East India Association in 1866)
2. Role in Congress (Elected as president in 1886, 1893. 1905. )
3. exposed economic ills of india (wrote Poverty and Unbritish rule in india.)

Question 11

contributions of GKG

Answer 11

1. persuaded british for reforms (passage of Morley-Minto reforms, member of Indian Public Service Commission, tried to persuade british statesman to not give effect on partition of BENGAL)
2. Servants of Indian Society (1905. aim was to train national leaders who would dedicate themselves to the service of India)
3. member of Imperial Legislative Council (reduction is salt duty and cotton duty, reduction in toll tax, make primary education compulsory but was unsuccessful, radical changes in fiscal policy, reduced land revenue)

Question 12

on what issues did Gokhale criticise the government on

Answer 12

1. incurring huge expenditure on the British army
2. racial discrimination during appointments to high posts
3. imposing production tax on cotton

Question 13

GKG and Gandhi

Answer 13

went to south africa to help Gandhi fight against racial discrimination.
convinced gandhi to return to india and join indian public life
(gandhi’s political mentor)

Question 14

contributions of Surendranath Bannerjee

Answer 14

1. established Indian Association in 1876 (to educate indians, create strong pubic opinion, arouse political conciousness)
2. created All-Indian political organisation (presided over INC sessions in 1895 and 1902)
3. political ideas (edited a newspaper ‘Bengalee’ and wrote ‘A Nation in the Making, started agitation against License, Arms and Vernacular press act and lowering age limit for ICS. Opposed morley-minto reforms, opposed division of Bengal)

Question 15

father of indian nationalism

Answer 15

Surendranath Bannerjee

Question 16

demands of early nationalists

Answer 16

1. constitutional reforms
2. economic reforms
3. administrative demands
4. defence of civil rights