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Medical Terminology > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aque/o

A

Water

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2
Q

Blephar/o

A

Eyelid

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3
Q

Conjunctiv/o

A

Conjunctiva (to join together)

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4
Q

Corne/o, kerat/o

A

Cornea

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5
Q

Cycl/o

A

Circle, ciliary body

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6
Q

Ir/o, irid/o

A

Colored circle, iris

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7
Q

Lacrim/o, dacry/o

A

Tear

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8
Q

Ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o

A

Eye

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9
Q

Phac/o, phak/o

A

Lens

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10
Q

Phot/o

A

Light

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11
Q

Presby/o

A

Old age

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12
Q

Retin/o

A

Retina

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13
Q

Scler/o

A

Hard or sclera

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14
Q

Vitre/o

A

Glassy

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15
Q

-opia

A

Condition of vision

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16
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Fluid filled space between the cornea and iris

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17
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens

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18
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

Duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

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19
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina

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20
Q

Ciliary body

A

Ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

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21
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

Smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision

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22
Q

Ciliary processes

A

Epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that Secrete aqueous humor

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23
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

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24
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract light to focus a visual image

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25
Q

Eyelid, palpebra

A

Movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye

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26
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of the sharpest vision

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27
Q

Fundus

A

Interior surface of the eyeball, including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole

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28
Q

Glands of Zeis

A

Oil glands surrounding the eyelashes

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29
Q

Meibomian glands

A

Oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids

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30
Q

Iris

A

Colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil

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31
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears

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32
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

Tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac

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33
Q

Lacrimal sac

A

Structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct

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34
Q

Lens

A

Transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina

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35
Q

Lens capsule

A

Capsule that encloses the lens

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36
Q

Macula lutea, macula

A

Central region of the retina, responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color

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37
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose

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38
Q

Optic disk

A

Exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins

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39
Q

Optic nerve

A

Nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain

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40
Q

Posterior chamber

A

Space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber; filled with aqueous humor

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41
Q

Pupil

A

Black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye

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42
Q

Retina

A

Innermost lager that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve

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43
Q

Cones

A

Cone shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

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44
Q

Rods

A

Rod shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

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45
Q

Sclera

A

Tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

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46
Q

Trabecular meshwork

A

Mesh like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm

47
Q

Vitreous

A

Jelly like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

48
Q

Asthenopia

A

Eyestrain

49
Q

Blepharospasm

A

Involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

50
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

51
Q

Exophthalmos, exophthalmus

A

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

52
Q

Lacrimation

A

Sensation of tears

53
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball

54
Q

Photophobia

A

Extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light

55
Q

Scotoma

A

Blind spot in visiom

56
Q

Refractive errors

A

Defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

57
Q

Astigmatism

A

Distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina

58
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

59
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

60
Q

Presbyopia

A

Impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation

61
Q

Accommodation

A

Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objecys

62
Q

Amblyopia

A

Decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors, or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as lazy eye

63
Q

Aphakia

A

Absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

64
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid

65
Q

Blepharochalasis, dermatochalasis

A

Baggy eyelid; over abundance and loss of skin elastic on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eye are open

66
Q

Blepharoptosis, ptosis

A

Dropping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis

67
Q

chalazion

A

Chronic modular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid

68
Q

Cataract

A

Opaque clouding of the lend causing decreased vision

69
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva

70
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

71
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Inflammation of the tear sac

72
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation leading to scarring and loss of vision

73
Q

Ectropion

A

Outward turning of the rim of the eyelid

74
Q

Entropion

A

Inward turning of the rim of the eyelid

75
Q

Epiphora

A

Abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct

76
Q

Glaucoma

A

Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

77
Q

Hordeolum

A

Sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

78
Q

Irititis

A

Inflammation of the iris

79
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

80
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Breakdown r thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

81
Q

Pseudophakia

A

An eye in which the natural kens is replaced with an artificial lens implant

82
Q

Pterygium

A

Fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends into the cornea, developing most commonly form prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light

83
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

84
Q

Retinitis

A

Inflammation of the retina

85
Q

Strabismus

A

A condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance

86
Q

Esotropia

A

Right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose

87
Q

Exotropia

A

Right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose

88
Q

Scleritis

A

Inflammation of the sclera

89
Q

Trichiasis

A

Misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea

90
Q

Distance visual acuity

A

Measure of the ability to see details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20ft; normal distance visual acuity is 20/20

91
Q

Fluorescein angiography

A

Visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulated through the eye

92
Q

Ophthalmoscopy

A

Use of an ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

93
Q

Slit lamp biomicroscopy

A

Use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially thr cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes

94
Q

Tonometry

A

Use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma

95
Q

Blepharoplasty

A

Surgical repair of an eyelid

96
Q

Cataract extraction

A

Excision of a cloudy lens from the eye

97
Q

Cryoretinopexy, cryopexy

A

Use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment

98
Q

Dacryocystectomy

A

Excision of a lacrimal sac

99
Q

Enucleation

A

Excision of an eyeball

100
Q

Irisectomy

A

Excision of a portion of iris tissue

101
Q

Iridotomy

A

Incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma

102
Q

Keratoplasty

A

Corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor

103
Q

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

A

A technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error

104
Q

Intraocular lens implant

A

Implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens

105
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, with aspiration and removal

106
Q

Sclera buckling

A

Surgery to treat retinal detachment by placing a band of silicone around the sclera to cinch it toward the middle of the eye and relieve pull on the retina; often combined with other techniques to seal retinal tears

107
Q

Contact lens

A

Small, plastic curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea, used to treat refractive errors

108
Q

Eye instillation

A

Introduction of a medicated solution in the eye, usually administered by a drop or drops in-the affected eye or eyes

109
Q

Eye irrigation

A

Washing of the eye with water or other fluid

110
Q

Antibiotic ophthalmic solution

A

Antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections

111
Q

Cycloplegic

A

Agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and the powers of accommodation, commonly used in pediatric eye examinations

112
Q

Mydriatic

A

Agent that causes dilation of the pupil, uses for certain eye examinations

113
Q

Miotic

A

Agent that causes the pupil to contract

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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