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Medical Terminology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adip/o, lip/o, steat/o

A

Fat

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2
Q

Derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o

A

Skin

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3
Q

Hidr/o

A

Sweat

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4
Q

Hist/o, histi/o

A

Tissue

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5
Q

Kerat/o

A

Hard

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6
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

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7
Q

Onych/o

A

Nail

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8
Q

Purpur/o

A

Purple

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9
Q

Seb/o

A

Sebum (oil)

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10
Q

Trich/o

A

Hair

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11
Q

Xanth/o

A

Yellow

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12
Q

Xer/o

A

Dry

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13
Q

Epithelium

A

Cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body

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14
Q

Epidermis

A

Thin outer layer of skin

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15
Q

Squamous cell layer

A

Flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost epidermis

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16
Q

Basal layer

A

Deepest layer of epidermis

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17
Q

Melanocyte

A

Cell in the basal layer that gives color to the skin

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18
Q

Melanin

A

Dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes

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19
Q

Dermis

A

Dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin, also known as corium

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20
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands in the skin

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21
Q

Sebum

A

Oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

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22
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands (sudor= to sweat; ferre = to bear)

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23
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis

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24
Q

Collagen

A

Protein substance in skin and connective tissue (koila - glue; gen = producing)

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25
Q

Hair

A

Outgrowth of the skin composed Of keratin

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26
Q

Nail

A

Outgrowth of the skin, composed of keratin, @the end of each finger and toe

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27
Q

Keratin

A

Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

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28
Q

Lesion

A

An area of pathologically altered tissue; the two types of lesions are primary and secondary

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29
Q

Primary lesions

A

Lesions arising from previously normal skin

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30
Q

macule or macula

A

A flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (ex: freckle)

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31
Q

Patch

A

A flat, discolored area on the skin > than 1 cm (ex: vitiligo)

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32
Q

Papule

A

A solid mass on the skin up to 0.5cm in diameter ; ex: a nevus (moles)

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33
Q

Plaque

A

A solid mass > than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin

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34
Q

Nodule

A

A solid mass > than I cm that extends deeper into the epidermis

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35
Q

Tumor

A

A solid mass> 1-2cm

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36
Q

Wheal

A

An area of localized skin edema (swelling) (ex: a hive)

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37
Q

Vesicle

A

Little bladder ; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5cm in diameter (ex: a fever blister)

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38
Q

Pustule

A

A pus-filled sac (ex: a pimple)

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39
Q

Bulla

A

A blister > 0.5cm(ex: a second degree burn) (bulla= bubble)

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40
Q

Secondary lesions

A

Lesions that result in changes in primary lesions

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41
Q

Erosion

A

Gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding ex: area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle)

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42
Q

Ulcer

A

An open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection, ex: decubitis ulcer

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43
Q

Excoriation

A

A scratch mark

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44
Q

Fissure

A

A linear crack in the skin

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45
Q

Scale

A

A thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (dandruff)

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46
Q

Crust

A

A dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin ex: as seen in impetigo

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47
Q

Vascular lesions

A

Lesions of a blood vessel

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48
Q

Cherry angioma

A

A small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly

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49
Q

Telangiectasia / spider angioma

A

A tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos=end)

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50
Q

Purpuric lesions

A

purpura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin

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51
Q

Petechia

A

Spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura

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52
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise; a black and blue mark; a large purpura (chymo-juice)

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53
Q

Cicatrix of the skin

A

A mark left by the healing of A sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue; cicatrix=scar

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54
Q

Keloid

A

An abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele-tumor)

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55
Q

Epidermal tumors

A

Skin tumors arising from the epidermis

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56
Q

Nevus

A

A congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole

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57
Q

Dysplastic nevus

A

A mole w/ precancerous changes

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58
Q

Verruca

A

An epidermal tumor called by a papilloma virus, also called a wart

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59
Q

Aloplecia

A

Baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair

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60
Q

Comedo

A

A plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle

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61
Q

Closed comedo

A

A comedo below the skin surface, with a white center (whitehead)

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62
Q

Open comedo

A

A comedo open to the skin surface, with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air (blackhead)

63
Q

Eruption

A

Appearance of a skin legion

64
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of skin

65
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching

66
Q

Rash

A

A general term for skin eruption, most often associated w/ communicable disease

67
Q

Skin pigmentation

A

Skin color resulting in the presence of melanin

68
Q

Depigmentation

A

Loss of melanin pigment in the skin

69
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

Areas of skin lacking color because of deficient amounts of melanin

70
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin

71
Q

Suppuration

A

Production of purulent matter (pus)

72
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itching (urtica-stinging nettle)

73
Q

Xeroderma

A

Dry skin

74
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by comedones (blackneads), pustules, or nodules on the skin (ache =point)

75
Q

Albinism

A

A hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair)

76
Q

Burn

A

Injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases

77
Q

First-degree burn

A

A burn involving only the epidermis; characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)

78
Q

Second-degree burn

A

A burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by erythemia, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)

79
Q

Third-degree burn

A

A burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, w/ damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue

80
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin characterized by erythema, pruritus (itching), and various lesions

81
Q

Dermatosis

A

Any disorder of the skin

82
Q

Exanthematous viral disease

A

An eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema= eruption)

83
Q

Rubella

A

Reddish; German measles

84
Q

Rubeola

A

Reddish; 14-day measles

85
Q

Varicella

A

A tiny spot; chickenpox

86
Q

Eczema

A

To boil out; often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning

87
Q

Furuncle

A

Boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle; caused by staphylococcosis

88
Q

Carbuncle

A

A skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles (carbo= small, glowing embers)

89
Q

Abscess

A

A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues, which heals when drained or excised (abscessus =a going away)

90
Q

Gangrene

A

An eating sore; death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

91
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

A

Transient viral vesicles (ex: cold sores or fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and the nose (herpes= creeping skin disease)

92
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)

A

Sexually transmitted, ulcer-lie lesions of the genitalia and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

93
Q

Herpes zoster

A

A viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles (zoster=girdle)

94
Q

Impetigo

A

A highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted, most often around the mouth and nostrils

95
Q

Keratoses

A

Thickened areas of epidermis

96
Q

Actinic (or solar) keratoses

A

Localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight, a known precursor to cancer (actinic= ray; solar= sun)

97
Q

Seborrheic keratoses

A

Benign, wart-like tumors; more common on elderly skin

98
Q

Lupus

A

A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus=wolf)

99
Q

Cutaneous lupus

A

Limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash, especially on the face, neck, and scalp

100
Q

Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

A more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often viral organs (ex: lungs or kidneys)

101
Q

Malignant cutaneous neoplasm

A

Skin cancer

102
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

A

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium

103
Q

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

A

Malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis; the most common type of skin cancer

104
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant tumor composed of melanocytes

105
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels, appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs; commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS

106
Q

Onychia

A

Inflammation of the fingernail or toenail

107
Q

Paronychia

A

Inflammation of the nail fold

108
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis

109
Q

Pediculosis capitis

A

Head lice

110
Q

Pediculosis pubis

A

Lice that generally infect the pubic region and sometimes also hair of the axilla, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces; also called crabs

111
Q

Psoriasis

A

Itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silvery scales covering red patches, papules, and/or plaques on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells; common sits of involvement are the elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails

112
Q

Scabies

A

A contagious disease caused by a parasite that invades the skin, causing an intense itch, most often at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc.

113
Q

Seborrhea

A

A skin condition marked by the hyper secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands

114
Q

Tinea

A

A group of fungal skin disease identified by the body part affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athletes foot

115
Q

Vitiligo

A

A condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin (commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas)

116
Q

Biopsy (Bx)

A

Removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination

117
Q

Excisional biopsy

A

Removal of entire lesion

118
Q

Incisional biopsy

A

Removal of a selected portion of a lesion

119
Q

Shave biopsy

A

A technique using a surgical blade to “shave” tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis

120
Q

Culture and sensitivity

A

A technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating the infection it has caused

121
Q

Frozen selection

A

A surgical technique that involves cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathologic examination

122
Q

Skin tests

A

Methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin; commonly used in treating allergies

123
Q

Scratch test

A

A test in which a substance is applied to the skin through a scratch

124
Q

Patch test

A

A test in which a substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth

125
Q

Chemosurgery

A

Removal of tissue after it has been destroyed by chemical means

126
Q

Chemical peel

A

A technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by applying an acid solution to “peel” away the top layers of the skin

127
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Destruction of tissue by freezing with application of an extremely cold chemical (ex: liquid nitrogen)

128
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Surgical removal of epidermis frozen by aerosol spray using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles

129
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and to prevent infection

130
Q

Curettage

A

Cleaning; scraping a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; used for debridement

131
Q

Electrosurgical procedures

A

Use of electric current to destroy tissue; the type and strength of the current and method of application vary

132
Q

Electrocautery

A

Use of an instrument heated by electric current to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue

133
Q

Electrodesiccation

A

Use of high frequency electric currents to destroy tissue by drying it; the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion

134
Q

Fulguration

A

To lighten; use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; active electrode does NOT touch the skin

135
Q

Incision and drainage (I&D)

A

Incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion ( an abscess)

136
Q

Laser

A

An acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concentrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth and diameter; applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection

137
Q

Laser surgery

A

Surgery using a laser in various dermatologic procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc.

138
Q

Mohs surgery

A

A technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue, layer by layer, until a tumor-free plane is reached

139
Q

Skin grafting

A

Transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin that has been lost through a burn or injury

140
Q

Autographt

A

Graft transfer to a new position in the body of the same person (auto=self)

141
Q

Heterograft or xenograft

A

Graft transfer between different species, such as from animal to human (hetero= different; xeno=strange)

142
Q

Homograft or allograft

A

Donor transfer between persons of the same species, such as human to human

143
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

144
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells

145
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases (ex; injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in the hardening of the tissue within and eventual sloughing away of the lesion)

146
Q

Ultraviolet therapy

A

Use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion (ex: an ulcer)

147
Q

Anesthetic

A

A drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations (pain)

148
Q

Antibiotic

A

A drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

149
Q

Antifungal

A

A drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi

150
Q

Antihistamine

A

A drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body

151
Q

Histamine

A

A relating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions, causing swelling and inflammation of tissues

152
Q

Antiinflammatory

A

A drug that reduces inflammation

153
Q

Antipruritic

A

A drug that relieves itching

154
Q

Antiseptic

A

An agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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