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Medical Terminology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Balan/o

A

Glans penis

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2
Q

Epididym/o

A

Epidiymis

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3
Q

Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o

A

Testis or testicle

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4
Q

Perine/o

A

Perineum

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5
Q

Prostat/o

A

Prostate

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6
Q

Sperm/o, spermat/o

A

Sperm (seed)

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7
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel

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8
Q

Scrotum

A

Skin-covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs each containing a testis and an epididymis

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9
Q

Testis, testicle

A

One of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone

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10
Q

Sperm, spermatozoon

A

Male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the ovum in the female to produce offspring

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11
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

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12
Q

Penis

A

Erectile tissue covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and the ducts for secretion of seminal fluid (semen)

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13
Q

Glans penis

A

Bulging structure at the distal end of the penis

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14
Q

Prepuce

A

Foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision

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15
Q

Vas deferens

A

Duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

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16
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

One of the two sac-like structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side; secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer

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17
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm

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18
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; it’s fluid is carried into the urethra

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19
Q

Prostate gland

A

Trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen

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20
Q

Bulbourethral glands, Cowper glands

A

Pair of glands below the prostate with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscid fluid to the semen

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21
Q

Perineum

A

External region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female

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22
Q

Aspermia

A

Inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

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23
Q

Azoospermia

A

Semen without living spermatozoa; a sign of infertility in a male

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24
Q

Oligospermia

A

Scanty production and expulsion of sperm

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25
Q

Mucopurulent discharge

A

Drainage of pus and mucus

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26
Q

Anorchism

A

Absence of one of both testes

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27
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of the glans penis

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28
Q

Cryptorchism, cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testicle, or failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development; the testis most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair

29
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis

30
Q

Erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

Failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation bc of physical or psychologic dysfunction; formerly termed impotence

31
Q

hydrocele

A

Hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis

32
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

33
Q

Peyronic disease

A

Disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection

34
Q

Phimosis

A

A narrowed condition of the prepuce resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection; requires circumcision

35
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction

36
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Malignancy of the prostate gland

37
Q

Prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate

38
Q

Spermatocele

A

Painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle

39
Q

Testicular cancer

A

Malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm; classified into two groups according to growth potential

40
Q

Seminoma

A

Most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells; highly treatable with early detection

41
Q

Nonseminoma

A

Testicular tumor arising from more mature germ cells; these tumors have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develop earlier in life; includes choriocarcinoma, embryoAl carcinoma, Teratoma, and yolk sac tumors

42
Q

Varicocele

A

Enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis

43
Q

Chlamydia

A

Most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread

44
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhea; the condition was named for the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be leakage of semen

45
Q

Syphilis

A

Sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete and which may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erode and form bloodless ulcers called chancres

46
Q

Hepatitis b virus

A

Virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood

47
Q

Human papilloma virus

A

Virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals

48
Q

Condyloma acuminatum

A

Lesion that appears as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as veneral or genital warts

49
Q

Biopsy (Bx)

A

Tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia

50
Q

Biopsy of the prostate

A

Needle biopsy of the prostate; often performed using ultrasound guidance

51
Q

Testicular biopsy

A

Biopsy of a testicle

52
Q

Digital recital exam (DRE)

A

Insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate

53
Q

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

A

Blood test used to screen for prostate cancer; an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor

54
Q

Urethrogram

A

X-ray of the urethra and prostate

55
Q

Semen analysis

A

Study of semen, including a sperm count with observation of morphology (form) and motility; usually performed to rule out male infertility

56
Q

Endorectal sonogram of the prostate, transrectal sonogram of the prostate

A

Scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum; also used to guide needle biopsy

57
Q

Circumcision

A

Removal of the foreskin (prepuce); exposing the glans penis

58
Q

Epidiymectomy

A

Removal of an epididymis

59
Q

Orchiectomy, orchidectomy

A

Removal of a testicle

60
Q

Orchiopexy

A

Fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum

61
Q

Prostatectomy

A

Excision of the prostate gland

62
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

Removal of prostatic gland tissue through the urethra using a rectoscope, a specialized urologic endoscope; common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)

63
Q

Vasectomy

A

Removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male

64
Q

Vasovasostomy

A

Restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after a vasectomy

65
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation, usually from a cobalt source, to stop the proliferation of malignant cells

66
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Radiation therapy technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer; brachy-, meaning short distance, refers to localized application

67
Q

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

Use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production

68
Q

Penile prosthesis

A

Implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis; used to treat physical impotence

69
Q

Penile self-injection

A

Intracavernosal injection therapy causing an erection; used in treatment of erectile dysfunction

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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