Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical terminology > The Chapter 8: Digestive system > Flashcards

The Chapter 8: Digestive system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

col/o , colon/o

A

colon, large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach, belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

known as GI tract, digestive system, organs work in cooperation with accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

upper GI tract

A

consists of the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, and stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lower GI tract

A

referred to as bowels, made up of the small and large intestines plus rectum and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

oral cavity

A

known as mouth, are lips, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lips

A

known as the labia, surround the opening to the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

palate

A

which forms the roof of the mouth, consists of three major parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hard palate

A

anterior portion of the plate, area covered with specialized mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

soft palate

A

flexible posterior portion of the palate, important role of closing nasal passage to prevent food and liquid from moving upward in nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

uvula

A

third part, hangs from the free edge of the soft palate, important role in snoring and in the formation of some speech sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tongue

A

very strong, flexible, and muscular; posterior portion of the tongue is attached, anterior end of the tongue moves freely and is flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

papillae

A

upper surface of the tongue as dorsum, surface has a tough protective covering and in some areas, small bumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sublingual surface

A

of the tongue and the tissues that lie under the tongue are covered with delicate highly vascular tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lingual frenum

A

a band of tissue that attaches the tongue tot he floor of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

periodontium

A

describes the structures that surround, support and are attached to the teeth, consists of the bone of the dental arches and soft tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

gingiva

A

known as masticatory mucosa or the gums, specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds the neck of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

sulcus

A

an area of space between a tooth and the surrounding gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dental arches

A

are bony structures of the oral cavity, arches hold the teeth firmly in position to facilitate chewing and speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

maxillary arch

A

commonly known as the upper jaw and consists of bones of the lower surface of the skull; the arch does not move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

mandibular arch

A

commonly known as the lower jaw, is a separate bone and is the only movable component of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

known as TMJ, is formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

dentition

A

refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

primary dentition

A

known as deciduous dentition or baby teeth, 20 teeth erupt during early childhood, normally lost during late childhood, replaced by permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

occlusion

A

used in dentistry, describes any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

roots

A

of a tooth hold it securely in place within the dental arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

cementum

A

protects roots, hard substance, but it is not as strong as enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

cervix

A

known as the neck of the tooth, where crown and root meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

dentin

A

make up the bulk of the tooth, portion that is above the gum line is covered with enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

pulp cavity

A

area within the crown and roots of the tooth that is surrounded by the dentin to protect the delicate pulp of the tooth (pulp is space known as root canals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

pulp

A

consists of a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and innervation to the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

saliva

A

colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth (mechanical digestion) helps maintain health of the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

salivary glands

A

3 pairs, secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

parotid glands

A

located on the face, slightly in front of each ear; inside of the cheek near the upper molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

sublingual glands

A

and their ducts are located on the floor of the mouth near the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

submandibular glands

A

and their ducts are located on the floor of the mouth near the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

pharynx

A

which is common passageway for both respiration and digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

epiglottis

A

a lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

esophagus

A

the muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

known as cardiac sphincter, a muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach; during swallowing it relaxes to allow food to enter the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

stomach

A

a sac-like organ composed of the fundus(upper, rounded part), body(main portion), and antrum(lower part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

rugae

A

are the folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach, allows stomach to decrease and increase in size, glands produce gastric juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

gastric juices

A

made up of enzymes and hydrochloric acid in the beginning of food digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

the ring-like muscles at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

pylorus

A

the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

small intestine

A

extends from he pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine, consists of 3 sections where food is digested and nutrients are absorbed in bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

duodenum

A

first portion f the small intestine, extends from pylorus of the stomach to the jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

jejunum

A

middle portion of small intestine, extends from duodenum to the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

ileum

A

which is the last longest portion of small intestine, extends from jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

larges intestine

A

extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

cecum

A

a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen, extends from the end of the ileum to the beginning of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

ring-like muscles that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

vermiform appendix

A

known as appendix, hangs from he lower portion of the cecum, consists of lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

colon

A

longest portion of the large intestine, subdivided into four parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

ascending colon

A

travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

transverse colon

A

passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity from right to left toward the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

descending colon

A

travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

sigmoid colon

A

an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins the rectum below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

rectum

A

the widest division of the large intestine, makes up the last 4 inches of the large intestine and ends at the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

anus

A

lower opening of the digestive tract, flow of waste through the anus is controlled by the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

anorectal

A

refers to the anus and rectum as a single unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

accessory organs

A

digestive system are so named because they play a key role in the digestive process but are not part of the gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

liver

A

largest organ in the body, several important functions related to removing toxins from the blood and turning into fuel and nutrients the body needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

hepatic

A

means pertaining to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

glycogen

A

form of glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

bilirubin

A

a pigment excreted into the digestive fluid called bile, giving it a yellow to green color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

bile

A

aids in the digestion of fats, a juice secreted by the liver that is necessary for the digestion of fat, travels from the liver to the gallbladder where it is stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

biliary

A

tree provides the channels through which is transported from the liver to the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

gallbladder

A

a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

cholecystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

pancreas

A

a soft, 6-inch long, oblong gland that is located behind the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

digestion

A

process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

digestive enzymes

A

are responsible for the chemical changes that break foods down into simpler forms of nutrients for use by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

nutrient

A

a substance, usually from food, that is necessary for normal functioning of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

metabolism

A

includes all of the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

anabolism

A

the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

catabolism

A

the breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

absorption

A

the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

villi

A

mucosa the lines the small intestine is covered with finger-like projections, containing blood vessels and lacteals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

lacteals

A

specialized structures of the lymphatic system, absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins that cannot be transported directly by the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

mastication

A

known as chewing, breaks food down into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it to be swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

bolus

A

a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

peristalsis

A

a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

chyme(KYM)

A

the semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, though the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

emulsification

A

must be completed before the nutrients can be absorbed into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

feces

A

known as solid boy wastes, expelled though the rectum and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

defecation

A

known as bowel movement (BM), is the evacuation or emptying of the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

gut microflora

A

refers to the billions of normal bacteria present in the large intestine to protect against infection and help maintain the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

borborygmus

A

is the rumbling noise caused by the movements of gas un the intestine

103
Q

flatulence

A

known as flatus, the passage of gas of gas out of the body through the rectum

104
Q

bariatrics

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

105
Q

dentist

A

holds a doctor of dental surgery (DDS) or doctor of medical dentistry (DMD) degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity

106
Q

gastroenterologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestines

107
Q

oral or maxillofacial surgeon

A

specializes in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries

108
Q

orthodontist

A

a dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures

109
Q

periodontist

A

is a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

110
Q

proctologist

A

a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

111
Q

registered dietitian (RD)

A

a specialist in food and nutrition who practices medical nutrition therapy and counsels patients on improving their dietary intake

112
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

known as canker sores or mouth ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

113
Q

ulcer

A

is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

114
Q

cheilosis

A

known as cheilitis, is a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

115
Q

herpes labials

A

known as cold sores or fever blisters, are blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

116
Q

leukoplakia

A

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

117
Q

stomatomycosis

A

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

118
Q

oral thrush

A

a type of stomatomycosis that develops when the fungus Candida albicans grows out of control

119
Q

trismus

A

describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

120
Q

xerostomia

A

known as dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

121
Q

cleft palate

A

the failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus

122
Q

bruxism

A

is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress

123
Q

dental caries

A

known as tooth decay or a cavity, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of the tooth

124
Q

dental plaque

A

a major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, forms as soft deposits in sheltered areas near the gums and between the teeth

125
Q

edentulous

A

means without teeth, describes the situation after the natural permanent teeth have been lost

126
Q

halitosis

A

known as bad breath, an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders

127
Q

malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

128
Q

periodontal disease

A

known as periodontitis, an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth

129
Q

dental calculus

A

known as tartar, is dental plaque that has calcified (hardened) on the teeth

130
Q

gingivitis

A

is the earliest stage of periodontal disease, and the inflammation affects only the gums

131
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

A

known as trench mouth, caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth

132
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

133
Q

eosinophilic esophagitis

A

is a chronic immune system disease in which a type of white blood cell called an eosinophil builds up in the esophagus, usually as the result of an allergy to certain foods

134
Q

gastroesophegeal reflux disease

A

known as GERD, is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

135
Q

barret’s esophagus

A

condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

136
Q

stricture

A

of the esophagus result ing from scar tissue or other damage can cause swallowing difficulties, abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage

137
Q

pyrosis

A

known as heartburn, the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

138
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

139
Q

hiatal hernia

A

is an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

140
Q

gastritis

A

a common inflammation of the stomach lining that is often caused by the bacterium helicobacter pylori

141
Q

gastroenteritis

A

a condition in which the muscles in the stomach slow down and work poorly or not at all, preventing the stomach and intestines

142
Q

gastroparesis

A

a condition in which the muscles in the stomach slow down and work poorly or not at all, preventing the stomach from emptying normally

143
Q

gastrorrhea

A

is the excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach

144
Q

peptic ulcers

A

are sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

145
Q

perforating ulcer

A

complication of a peptic ulcer in which the ulcer erodes through the entire thickness of the organ wall

146
Q

anorexi

A

the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease

147
Q

cachexia

A

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

148
Q

dehydration

A

a condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body’s normal electrolyte balance

149
Q

malnutrition

A

a lack of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest,, absorb, and distribute these nutrients

150
Q

malabsorption

A

a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it

151
Q

obesity

A

an excessive accumulation of fat in the body

152
Q

morbid obesity

A

known as severe obesity , the condition of weighing two times or more than the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40

153
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

is a number that shows body weight adjusted for height

154
Q

comorbidity

A

describes the presence of more than one disease or health condition in an individual at a given time

155
Q

aerophagia

A

the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

156
Q

dyspepsia

A

known as indigestion, is pain or discomfort in digestion

157
Q

emesis

A

known as vomiting, is the reflex ejection of the stomach contents outward through the mouth

158
Q

eructation

A

is the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

159
Q

hematemesis

A

is the vomiting of blood

160
Q

hyperemesis

A

is extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

161
Q

nausea

A

is the urge to vomit

162
Q

regurgitation

A

is the return of swallowed food into the mouth

163
Q

celiac disease

A

is a heredity autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten

164
Q

gluten intolerance

A

known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity, is a response to gluten involving digestive distress but not causing the intestinal tissue damage to celiac disease

165
Q

food allergy

A

an immune system reaction that occurs after eating a certain food

166
Q

lactose intolerance

A

the inability to digest dairy products due to the absence of the enzyme lactase, which is needed to process sugar (lactose) found in milk and other dairy products

167
Q

colorectal carcinoma

A

known as colon cancer, often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon

168
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane, not all polyps polyps are malignant

169
Q

diverticulosis

A

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

170
Q

diverticulum

A

a small pouch, or sac, found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the colon

171
Q

diverticulitis

A

which sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

172
Q

enteritis

A

is an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

173
Q

ischemic colitis

A

occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood

174
Q

ileus

A

the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine, also known as paralytic ileus

175
Q

postoperative ileus

A

a temporary impairment (stoppage) of bowel action that is considered to be a normal response to abdominal surgery

176
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping and abdominal pain, accompanied by constipation or diarrhea

177
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

the general name for diseases that cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines

178
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers

179
Q

crohn’s disease (KROHNZ)

A

(CD) chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

180
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine caused by a physical obstruction

181
Q

volvulus

A

the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

182
Q

intussusception

A

the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part

183
Q

inguinal hernia

A

is the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

184
Q

strangulated hernia

A

occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia, causing ischemia (insufficient oxygen) in this tissue by cutting off its blood supply

185
Q

clostridium difficile

A

known as C. diff, is a bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long-term facilities, typically following the use of antibiotics that wipe out competing bacteria

186
Q

dysentery

A

which is bacterial infection, occurs most frequently in tropical countries where it is spread through food or water contaminated by human feces

187
Q

E. coli

A

which is caused by the bacterium escherichia coli, is transmitted through contaminated foods that have not been adequately cooked

188
Q

salmonellosis

A

referred to as salmonella, is tramitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats and eggs or unpasteurized milk and cheese products

189
Q

anal fissure

A

a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement

190
Q

bowel incontinence

A

is the inability to control the exertion of feces

191
Q

constipation

A

defined as having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week, stools are hard, dry, small in size and difficult to eliminate

192
Q

diarrhea

A

is an abnormally frequent flow of loose or watery stools and can lead to dehydration

193
Q

hemorrhoids

A

occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening

194
Q

rectocele

A

is a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina, usually as the result of childbirth or pregnancy

195
Q

hematochezia

A

the presence of bring red blood in the stool

196
Q

melena

A

in contrast to hematochezia, is the black, tarry, foul-smelling stools

197
Q

steatorrhea

A

is the presence of excess fat in the stool

198
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous

199
Q

hepatomegaly

A

is the abnormal enlargement of the liver

200
Q

jaundice

A

is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

201
Q

hepatitis

A

is an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

202
Q

cirrhosis

A

a chronic degenerative disease the liver characterized by scarring

203
Q

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

A

describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol

204
Q

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

A

is a more serious form of this condition because it consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation

205
Q

cholangitis

A

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

206
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

207
Q

gallstone

A

known as cholelith, is a hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to the concretion of bile components

208
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

209
Q

abdominal computed tomography (CT)

A

radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen, showing, for example, the presence of a tumor or obstruction

210
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

a noninvasive test used to visualized internal organs by using very high-frequency sound waves

211
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of. contrast medium

212
Q

enema

A

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

213
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

214
Q

upper GI series and a lower GI series

A

radiographic studies to examine the digestive system

215
Q

stool samples

A

specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics…fatty stools might indicate the presence of pancreatic disease

216
Q

endoscope

A

an instrument used for visual internal structures (endoscopy)

217
Q

anoscopy

A

visual examination of at the anal canal and lower rectum

218
Q

capsule endoscopy

A

the use of a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows

219
Q

colonoscopy

A

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

220
Q

sigmoidscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

221
Q

hemoccult test

A

known as the fecal occult blood test, is the laboratory test for hidden blood in stool

222
Q

antioxidants

A

chemicals such as vitamins A, C, and E; carotene; and lutein that may prevent or delay cell damage by blocking the activity of potentially harmful chemicals called free radicals

223
Q

antacids

A

neutralize the acids in the stomach, are taken to relieve the discomfort of conditions such as pyrosis or to help peptic ulcers heal

224
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

decrease the amount acid produced by the stomach

225
Q

antiemetic

A

medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

226
Q

laxatives

A

medications or foods given to stimulate bowel movements

227
Q

intravenous fluids

A

administered to combat the effects of dehydration

228
Q

oral rehydration therapy (ORT)

A

a treatment In which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract the dehydration that can accompany diarrhea, especially in young children

229
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

230
Q

dental implant

A

the anchoring of a crown, bridge, or denture to the bone of the jaw

231
Q

root canal

A

both tot he pulp cavity in the root of the tooth and to a procedure, which diseased or damaged pulp in the root canal is removed in order to save the tooth

232
Q

gingivectomy

A

surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

233
Q

maxillofacial surgery

A

specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries

234
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip

235
Q

gastrectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the stomach

236
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

237
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

surgically placed feeding tube from eh exterior of the body directly into the stomach , known as G-tube

238
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating

239
Q

bariatric surgery

A

performed to treat morbid obesity by restriction the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested

240
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the colon

241
Q

colotomy

A

surgical incision into the colon

242
Q

diverticulectomy

A

surgical removal of a diverticulum

243
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

244
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

245
Q

ileectomy

A

surgical removal of the ileum

246
Q

ostomy

A

surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface, known as stoma

247
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

248
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

249
Q

proctopexy

A

surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

250
Q

hepatectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the liver

251
Q

liver transplant

A

an option whose over has failed for a reason other than liver cancer

252
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone

253
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

medical terminology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions