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medical terminology > Chapter 10: Nervous System and Mental Health > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System and Mental Health Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

caus/o

A

burning, burn

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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3
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken together, violently agitated

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4
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation, feeling

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7
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

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8
Q

-graphy

A

the process of producing a picture or record

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9
Q

mening/o

A

membranes, meninges

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10
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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11
Q

neur/I , neur/o

A

nerve, nerve tissue

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12
Q

phobia

A

abnormal fear

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13
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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14
Q

radicul/o

A

root or nerve root

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15
Q

-tropic

A

having an affinity for

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16
Q

brain

A

coordinates all body activities by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body

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17
Q

spinal cord

A

transmits nerve impulses between the brain, arms and legs, and lower part of the body

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18
Q

nerves

A

receive and transmit messages to and from all parts of the body

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19
Q

sensory organs and receptors

A

receive external stimulation and transmit these stimuli to the sensory neurons

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20
Q

central nervous system(CNS)

A

includes the brain and spinal cord, to receive and process information and to regulate all bodily activity

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21
Q

peripheral nervous system}(PNS)

A

includes 12 pairs cranial nerves extending from brain and 31 pairs for spinal cord; transmit nerve signals to and from the central nervous system

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22
Q

nerve

A

one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body

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23
Q

tract

A

a bundle or group of nerve fibers located within the brain or spinal cord

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24
Q

ganglion

A

a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system

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25
Q

innervation

A

means supply of nerves to a specific body

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26
Q

plexus

A

a network of intersecting spinal nerves, also describes a network of intersecting blood or lymphatic vessels

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27
Q

receptors

A

are sites in the sensory organs(eyes, ears, skin, nose, and taste buds) that receive external stimulation

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28
Q

stimulus

A

anything that excites(activates) nerve and causes an impulse

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29
Q

impulse

A

wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons

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30
Q

reflex

A

automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body

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31
Q

neurons

A

the basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other

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32
Q

afferent neurons

A

known as sensory neurons, emerge from sensory organs and the skin to carry the impulses from sensory organs toward the brain and spinal cord

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33
Q

connecting neurons

A

known as associative neurons, link afferent and efferent neurons

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34
Q

efferent neurons

A

known as motor neurons, carry impulses away from brain and spinal cord and toward muscles and glands

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35
Q

dendrites

A

are the root-like structures that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body

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36
Q

axon

A

a process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell, some protected by myelin sheath

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37
Q

terminal end fibers

A

the branching fibers at the end of the axon that lead the nerve impulses from the axon to the synapse

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38
Q

synapse

A

the space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ; a single neuron can have a few or several hundred synapses

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39
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

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40
Q

acetylcholine

A

released at some synapses in the spinal cord and at neuromuscular junctions; it influences muscles action

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41
Q

dopamine

A

released within the brain, an excess is associated with schizophrenia, mood and thought disorders

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42
Q

endorphins

A

naturally occurring substances that are produced by the brain to help relieve pain

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43
Q

norepinephrine

A

affects alertness and arousal, increasing blood pressure and heart rate, and releasing stores glucoses in response to stress

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44
Q

serotonin

A

released in the brain, has roles in sleep, hunger, and pleasure recognition

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45
Q

glial cells

A

provide support and protection for neurons, and their four main functions

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46
Q

myelin sheath

A

protective covering made up of glial cells, white sheath forms white matter of brain

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47
Q

central nervous system

A

made up of the brain and spinal cord; structures that are protected externally by the bones of the cranium and vertebrae of the spinal column

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48
Q

meninges

A

the system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord

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49
Q

dura mater

A

the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges

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50
Q

epidural space

A

contains fat supportive connective tissues to cushion the dura mater, inner surface of vertebral column

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51
Q

subdural space

A

located between dura mater and arachnoid membrane, in both skull and vertebral column

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52
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

resembles a spider web, second layer of meninges and is located between the dura mater and the pia mater ; allow space for fluid to flow between layers

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53
Q

subarachnoid space

A

located below arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid

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54
Q

pia mater

A

third layer of meninges, located nearest to brain and spinal cord, consists of delicate connective tissue that contains a rich supply of blood vessels

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55
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

known as spinal fluid, produced by special capillaries within four ventricles located in the middle region of the cerebrum; clear fluid that flows throughout brain around spinal cord

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56
Q

cerebrum

A

largest, uppermost portion of the brain; responsible for memory, judgment, emotion

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57
Q

cerebral

A

pertaining to the cerebrum or to the brain

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58
Q

cerebral cortex

A

made up of gray matter, the outer layer of the cerebrum and is made up of elevated folds and deep fissures

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59
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

divided to create two, connected at lower midpoint by the corpus callosum,

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60
Q

cerebral lobes

A

each cerebral hemisphere is subdivided to create these pairs, named for the bone of the cranium it covers

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61
Q

frontal lobe

A

controls skilled motor functions, memory, and behavior

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62
Q

parietal lobe

A

receives and interprets nerve impulses form sensory receptors in the tongue, skin, and muscles

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63
Q

occipital lobe

A

controls eyesight

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64
Q

temporal lobe

A

controls the sense of hearing and smell, and the ability to create, store, and access new information

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65
Q

thalamus

A

located below the cerebrum, produces sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex

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66
Q

hypothalamus

A

located below the thalamus, seven major regulatory functions

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67
Q

cerebellum

A

second-largest part of the brain, located at the back of the head below the posterior portion of cerebrum, control motions of skeletal muscles

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68
Q

brainstem

A

the stalk-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with he spinal cord

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69
Q

midbrain and pons(PONZ)

A

provide conduction pathways to and from the higher and lower centers in the brain, control reflexes movements for eyes and head

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70
Q

medulla oblongata

A

located at lowest part of brainstem, connected to spinal cord; controls survival functions such as heart rate, blood pressure,,, as well as reflexes for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting

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71
Q

spinal cord

A

long, fragile, tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spinal column

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72
Q

peripheral nervous system(PNS)

A

consists 12 pairs of cranial nerves that extend from brain, plus 31 pairs of spinal nerves that extend from he spinal cord

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73
Q

autonomic nerve fibers

A

carry instructions to the organs and glands from the autonomic nervous system

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74
Q

sensory nerve fibers

A

receive external stimuli, such as how something feels, and transmit this information to the brain where it is interpreted

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75
Q

somatic nerve fibers

A

known as motor nerve fibers, convey information that controls the body’s voluntary muscular movements

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76
Q

cranial nerves

A

originate from the under-surface of the brain, identified by roman numerals and are named for the area or function they serve

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77
Q

peripheral spinal nerves

A

grouped together and named based on the region of the body they innervate

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78
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

organized into two divisions, one comprising sympathetic nerves and other parasympathetic nerves; controls involuntary actions of the body, the functioning of internal organs

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79
Q

homeostasis

A

process maintaining the constant internal environment of the body

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80
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

prepare the body emergencies and stress by increasing the respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood flow to muscles, known as fight-or-flight response

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81
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

return the body to normal after a response to stress, maintaining normal body functions

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82
Q

anesthesiologist

A

physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery

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83
Q

anesthetist

A

medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not physician

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84
Q

neurologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system

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85
Q

neurosurgeon

A

physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system

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86
Q

psychiatrist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness

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87
Q

psychologist

A

has a doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD) but is not a medical doctor, evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness

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88
Q

social worker

A

a trained therapist, usually with a master’s degree (MSW)

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89
Q

cephalalgia

A

known as headache, pain in the head

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90
Q

migraine headache

A

may be preceded by a warning aura, characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head

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91
Q

warning aura

A

a visual disturbance perceived by the patient preceding a migraine headache or epileptic seizure

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92
Q

cluster headaches

A

intensely painful headaches that affect one side of the head and may be associated with tearing of the eyes and nasal congestion

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93
Q

encephalocele

A

known as craniocele, a congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull

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94
Q

meningocele

A

the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

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95
Q

hydrocephalus

A

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

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96
Q

meningioma

A

a common, slow-growing, usually benign tumor of the meninges

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97
Q

meningitis

A

known as infectious meningitis, inflammation of meninges of the brain and spinal cord

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98
Q

cognition

A

describes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory

99
Q

mild cognitive impairment

A

memory disorder, usually associated with recently acquired info

100
Q

dementia

A

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes

101
Q

vascular dementia

A

form of dementia caused by stroke or other restriction of the flow of blood to the brain

102
Q

encephalitis

A

which is an inflammation of the brain, can caused by viral infection such as rabies

103
Q

reye’s syndrome(RS)

A

a serious and potentially deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion

104
Q

tetanus

A

known as lockjaw, an acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria

105
Q

Tourette syndrome(TS)

A

a complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances that sometimes included obscenities

106
Q

neurodegenerative disease

A

an umbrella term for disorders in which there is progressive loss of the structure or functions of the neurons

107
Q

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)

A

group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language

108
Q

Huntington’s disesase

A

genetic disorder that is classified as a neurodegenerative disease

109
Q

Parkinson’s disease (PD)

A

chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and slow or shuffling gait

110
Q

Lewy body dementia

A

second most common type of dementia, occurs when abnormal proteins interfere with cell function in the brain

111
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)

A

known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks that nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

112
Q

amnesia

A

memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences

113
Q

concussion

A

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain

114
Q

cerebral contusion

A

the bruising of brain tissue as the result of the head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull

115
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

116
Q

traumatic brain injury

A

a blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain

117
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone, can cause brain injury, blindness, fracture, seizures, paralysis, and death

118
Q

levels of consciousness (LOC)

A

describe the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus

119
Q

altered levels of consciousness (ALOC)

A

refer to a decrease in consciousness due to injury, disease, or substances such as medication, drugs, or alcohol

120
Q

conscious

A

is the state of being awake, alert, aware, and responding appropriately

121
Q

unconscious

A

is a state of being unaware and unable to respond to any stimuli, including pain

122
Q

lethargy

A

is a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

123
Q

stupor

A

an unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite vigorous, repeated attempts

124
Q

syncope

A

known as fainting, is the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain

125
Q

coma

A

a profound (deep) state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and lack of speech

126
Q

persistent vegetative state

A

a type of coma in which the patient exhibits alternating sleep and wake cycles, person unconscious even when appear awake

127
Q

delirium

A

an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations

128
Q

brain tumor

A

an abnormal growth located inside the skull

129
Q

malignant brain tumor

A

destroys brain tissue

130
Q

benign brain tumor

A

does not invade the brain tissue; it is surrounded by rigid bone, as it enlarges it can damage brain tissue

131
Q

intracranial pressure

A

the amount of pressure inside the skull, restricts the flow of blood tot he brain, depriving it of oxygen

132
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

known as stroke, is damage to the brain, when the flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured

133
Q

ischemic stroke

A

most common in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery

134
Q

thrombotic stroke

A

type of ischemic, occurs when a blood clot forms in a carotid artery and blocks it

135
Q

embolic stroke

A

type of ischemic, occurs when a blood clot or other debris forms in a blood vessel somewhere other than brain, travels through bloodstream to lodge in narrow brain arteries

136
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

sometimes referred to mini-stroke, temporary interruption in the blood supply tot he brain

137
Q

aphasia

A

often caused by brain damage associated with a stroke, loss of the ability to speak, write, or comprehend written or spoken words

138
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

known as a bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks, also when an aneurysm within brain

139
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized, weak, balloon-like enlargement of an artery wall, less common, and often fatal

140
Q

arteriovenous malformation

A

is one of the causes of hemorrhagic stroke, between arteries and veins in the brain, usually congenital and can rupture at any age

141
Q

insomnia

A

prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep, problem such as depression, pain, excessive caffeine

142
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder consisting of sudden and incontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

143
Q

sleep deprivation

A

a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performance or tasks

144
Q

somnambulism

A

know as sleepwalking or noctambulism, the condition of walking or performing some other activity without awakening

145
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

146
Q

myelosis

A

known as polio, a highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord, sometimes leads to paralysis

147
Q

post-polio syndrome

A

the recurrence later in life of some polio symptoms in individuals who have had childhood poliomyelitis and have recovered from it

148
Q

radiculitis

A

known as pinched nerve, inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness radiating down affected limb

149
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

150
Q

lumbar radiculopathy

A

nerve pain in the lower back caused by muscles spasms or nerve root irritation from he compression of vertebral disks such as a herniated disk

151
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath

152
Q

demyelination

A

the loss of patches of the protective myelin sheath

153
Q

bell’s pasy

A

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis of the face, only on affected side

154
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

known as infectious polyneuritis, an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves,

155
Q

neuritis

A

an inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometimes loss of function

156
Q

sciatica

A

is inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve through the thigh, leg, and sometimes into the foot

157
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

characterized by severe, lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve

158
Q

cerebral palsy

A

condition of poor muscles control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic due to damage that affects the cerebrum

159
Q

epilepsy

A

known as seizure disorder, chronic neurological condition by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

160
Q

seizure

A

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time

161
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

known as grand mal seizure, involves entire body; body becomes rigid and in clonic phase there is uncontrolled jerking

162
Q

absence seizure

A

known as petit mal seizure, a brief disturbance in brain function, which there is a loss of awareness, often described as staring episode

163
Q

causalgia

A

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve

164
Q

hyperesthesia

A

condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

165
Q

paresthesia

A

refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body

166
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry info. to and from the brain and spinal cord

167
Q

mononeuropathy

A

damage to a singular peripheral nerve, as in carpal tunnel syndrome

168
Q

polyneuropathy

A

multiple peripheral nerves are damaged

169
Q

restless legs syndrome (RLS)

A

a neurological disorder by uncomfortable feelings in the legs, producing a strong urge to move them, usually at night or when resting

170
Q

magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography(CT)

A

are important neuroimaging tools because they facilitate the examination of the soft tissue structures of the brain and spinal cord

171
Q

functional MRI (fMRI)

A

detects changes in blood flow in the brain when the patient is asked to perform a specific task

172
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery

173
Q

echoencephalography

A

the use of ultrasound imaging to create detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes

174
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

175
Q

myelography

A

a radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a minbar puncture

176
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

utilizes electrodes taped to the skin to measure the transfer of electrical signals in peripheral nerves to the muscles

177
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

known as a spinal tap, process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw fluid

178
Q

hypnotic

A

depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep

179
Q

anticonvulsant

A

administered to prevent seizures such as those associated with epilepsy

180
Q

barbiturates

A

are a class of drugs whose major action is a calming or depressed effect on the central nervous system

181
Q

amobarbital

A

a barbiturate used as a sedative and hypnotic

182
Q

phenobarbital

A

a barbiturate used as a sedative and as a anticonvulsant

183
Q

sedative

A

depresses the central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep

184
Q

anesthesia

A

the absence of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain, that is induced by administration of an anesthetic agent

185
Q

anesthetic

A

medication used to induce the loss of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain

186
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine

187
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space, toes to waist or lower chest

188
Q

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

A

a neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson’s disease

189
Q

gamma knife surgery

A

type of radiation treatment for brain tumors performed without a knife or an incision

190
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

known as electroshock therapy, a procedure in which small amounts of electric current are passed through the brain,

191
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a portion of the brain to treat brain cancer or seizure disorders that cannot be controlled with medication

192
Q

thalamotomy

A

surgical incision into the thalamus

193
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

uses brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in the brain

194
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of a nerve or nerves

195
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

surgically suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

196
Q

neurotomy

A

surgical division or dissection (cutting) of a nerve

197
Q

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)

A

disorder of mental health, conditions include congenital abnormalities, physical changes, substance abuse, trauma, medications

198
Q

anxiety disorders

A

mental conditions by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion tot he real danger in a situation

199
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behavior that is inappropriate for the child’s developmental age

200
Q

dyslexia

A

known as development reading disorder, a learning disability by substandard reading achievement due to inability of brain to process symbols correctly

201
Q

learning disabilities

A

disorders in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning language or math concepts

202
Q

intellectual disability

A

diagnosis of significant below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning present form birth or early infancy

203
Q

autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

condition with different levels a child has difficulty developing normal social relationships and communication skills

204
Q

autism

A

significant developmental delays, speech and language

205
Q

dissociative disorders

A

occur when normal thought is separated from consciousness

206
Q

dissociate identity disorder

A

known as multiple personality disorder, mental illness by presence of two or more distinct personalities

207
Q

impulse control disorders

A

group of psychiatric disorders by a failure to resist an impulse despite potential negative consequences

208
Q

bipolar disorder

A

condition by cycles of severe mood changes shifting between highs and severe lows that affects attitude, energy, and ability to function

209
Q

manic behavior

A

abnormally elevated mood of euphoria, inappropriate elation, increased irritability, severe insomnia, poor judgment and social behavior

210
Q

depression

A

common mood disorder by lethargy and sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities

211
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

known as dysthymia, a low-grade, chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than severe depression

212
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

A

newer diagnosis for children who have frequent, severe temper outbursts and are chronically irritable

213
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

seasonal bout of depression associated with he decrease in hours of daylight during winter months

214
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

false perception of body appearance, fear of gaining weight

215
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting

216
Q

bine eating disorder (BED)

A

frequent episodes of eating large quantities of food, sense of loss of control and feeling of guilt or shame afterward

217
Q

personality disorder

A

chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes serious problems with relationships and work

218
Q

psychotic disorder

A

loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal functioning

219
Q

catatonic behavior

A

marked by lack of responsiveness, stupor, and a tendency to remain in a fixed posture

220
Q

delusion

A

a false personal belief that tis maintained despite obvious proof or evidence tot he contrary

221
Q

hallucination

A

sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation

222
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations disturbances

223
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

physical complaints or concerns about one’s body that are of proportion to any physical findings or disease

224
Q

factitious disorder

A

condition in which a individual acts as if a physical mental illness when they are really not sick

225
Q

conversion disorder

A

serious temporary or ongoing changes in function, such as paralysis or blindness, trigged by psychological factors

226
Q

malingering

A

intentional creation of false or grossly exaggerated physical psychological symptoms

227
Q

substance abuse

A

addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, medications, or illegal drugs

228
Q

alcoholism

A

chronic alcohol dependence with specific signs and symptoms upon withdrawal

229
Q

delirium tremens (DTs)

A

disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol

230
Q

drug abuse

A

excessive use of illegal or recreational drugs, or the misuse of prescription drugs

231
Q

a drug overdose

A

potentially fatal, accidental or intentional use of an illegal drug or prescription medicine in higher amount of what is safe

232
Q

gender dysphoria

A

condition where a person’s gender at birth does not match the gender with which they were identified

233
Q

transgender

A

refers to a person whose gender identity does not match their gender at birth

234
Q

psychotropic drug

A

acts primarily on the central nervous system, where temporary changes affecting mind, emotions, and behavior

235
Q

antidepressant

A

administered to prevent or relieve depression

236
Q

antipsychotic drug

A

or neuroleptic, administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood of mania

237
Q

anxiolytic drug

A

known as anti anxiety drug or tranquilizer, administered to temporary relieve anxiety and reduce tension

238
Q

mood-stabilizing drugs

A

such as lithium, used to treat mood instability and bipolar disorders

239
Q

stimulant

A

increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness

240
Q

psychoanalysis

A

bases on the ideas that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood, can only be overcome by gaining insight into ones feelings

241
Q

behavioral therapy

A

focuses on changing behavior by identifying problem behaviors,

242
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

focus on changing thoughts that are affecting a person’s emotions and actions, modified version is dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)

243
Q

hypnotherapy

A

use of hypnosis to produce an altered state of focused attention in which the patient may be more willing to believe and act on suggestions

244
Q

agoraphobia

A

an excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack might occur

medical terminology (12 decks)

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