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MCAT Bio/Biochem > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleoid Region:

A

DNA region in prokaryote

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2
Q

Nucleolus:

A

Makes ribosomes. Sits in nucleus, no membrane

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3
Q

Peroxisomes:

A

Collect and break down material

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4
Q

Rough ER:

A

Accept mRNA to make proteins.

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5
Q

Smooth ER:

A

Detox & make lipids.

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6
Q

Golgi Apparatus:

A

Modify / distribute proteins. Only in eukaryotes.

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7
Q

Describe Vesicular Transport

A

Vesicular Transport
COP 2 –> Forward
COP 1 <—Return

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8
Q

Centrioles

A

9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart

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9
Q

Lysosomes:

A

Demo & Recycling center. Made by Golgi. Single
membrane.

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10
Q

Plasmids

A

In prokaryotes. Carry DNA not necessary for survival

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11
Q

What are the three types of bacterial shapes?

A

Bacilli - rods
Cocci - sphere
Spirilla - Spiral

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12
Q

Describe obligate aerobe bacteria

A

Requires O2

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13
Q

Obligate Anaerobe:

A

Dies in O2

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14
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

: Toggle between Aerobic / Anaerobic.

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15
Q

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

A

Does not use O2 but tolerates it.

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16
Q

Describe the properties of gram positive bacteria

A

Gram + is PURPLE, THICK peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid cell wall

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17
Q

Describe the properties of Gram negative bacteria

A

Gram – is PINK-RED, THIN peptidoglycan cell wall & an outer membrane

18
Q

Microfilaments

A

Actin

19
Q

Microtubules

A

Tubulin

20
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Keratin = Vimentin; Desmin = Lamin

21
Q

List the properties of simple, stratified, pseudostratified, cuboidal, columnar, squamous epithelia

A

Parenchyma (functional parts of organ). Simple: One layer. Stratified: Multiple layers. Pseudostratified: One layer (looks mult, but really just 1). Cuboidal: Cube shape. Columnar: Long and narrow. Squamous: Flat, scale-like.

22
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Stroma (support, extracellular matrix). Bone, cartilage, tendon, blood.

23
Q

Transformation:

A

Gets genetic info from environment.

24
Q

Conjugation:

A

Transfer of genetic info via conjugation bridge.

F+ -→ F- or Hfr-→ recipient

25
Q

Transduction

A

Transfer using bacteriophage.

26
Q

Transposons

A

Genetic info that can insert/remove themselves.

27
Q

Properties of Eukaryotes V. Prokaryotes

A

Eukaryote

  • ETC in mitochondria
  • Large Ribosome (40s and 60S)
  • Reproduce via mitosis

Prokaryote

  • ETC in cell membrane
  • Small ribosomes
  • Reproduce via binary fission
  • Plasmids carry DNA material. May have virulence factors plasmids that integrate into genome are Episomes.
28
Q

What are prions?

A

Infectious proteins. Trigger misfolding. a-helical → B-pleated sheets. Decreases solubility

29
Q

What are viroids?

A

Plant pathogens

30
Q

Describe the structure of a bacteriophage

A

Head with DNA or RNA, collar, sheath, base plate, and tail fibers

31
Q

What is a capsid?

A

In a virus it is the protein coat

32
Q

True/False: Do viruses have lipid envelopes?

A

True

33
Q

What is a virion?

A

Individual virus particles

34
Q

What is the role of a bacteriophage?

A

Bacteria virus. Tail sheath injects DNA / RNA

35
Q

Viral Genome

A

May be DNA or RNA. Single or double stranded.

36
Q

If single stranded what is positive sense?

A

Positive Sense: Can be translated by host cell.

37
Q

If single stranded, what is negative sense?

A

Negative Sense: RNA replicase must synthesize a complimentary strand, which can then be translated

38
Q

What is a retrovirus?

A

Single stranded RNA. Reverse transcriptase needed to make DNA.

39
Q

In terms of bacteriophage life cycle, what is lytic mean?

A

Virions made until cell lyses.

40
Q

In terms of bacteriophage life cycle, what is lysogenic?

A

Virus integrates into genome as provirus or prophage. Goes dormant until stress activates it.

MCAT Bio/Biochem (30 decks)

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