Endocrine System

Question 1

Describe the properties of peptide hormones.

Answer 1

Made of amino acids and they are polar.

Question 2

Where are steroid hormones made? Describe its properties

Answer 2

Made in Gonads & Adrenal Cortex, from Cholesterol
• Don’t dissolve, must be carried by proteins
• Non-polar, so CAN pass through membrane
• They activate nuclear receptors
• Direct action on DN

Question 3

Describe the properties of amino acid derviatives hormones.

Answer 3

Share traits from both peptide & steroid hormones

Question 4

Direct Hormones:

Answer 4

Act directly on target tissue/organ. Ex: Insulin.

Question 5

Tropic Hormones:

Answer 5

Require an intermediary. They only affect other

endocrine tissues. Ex: GnRH and LH are both tropic

Question 6

What happens to FSH, LH, and GH when GHRH is released in the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

They all increase

Question 7

What stimulates the release of TSH?

Answer 7

TRH in the hypothalamus

Question 8

What happens to ACTH when corticotropin releasing hormone CRH is released in the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

ACTH increases

Question 9

What happens to prolactin when dopamine is released in the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

Decreases prolactin

Question 10

What happens to glucose when insulin acts on beta islet cells in the pancreas?

Answer 10

Glucose decreases

Question 11

What happens to glucose when glucagon acts on alpha islet cells in the pancreas?

Answer 11

Glucose increases

Question 12

What happens to insulin and glucagon when somatostatin acts on delta islet cells in the pancreas?

Answer 12

Insulin and glucagon decrease

Question 13

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 13

Testes in the gonads

Question 14

Where is estrogen produced?

Answer 14

Progesterone in the ovaries

Question 15

Where is melatonin released?

Answer 15

Pineal gland

Question 16

Which hormones are released in the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 16

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, endorphins, and GH

FLAT PEG

Question 17

What is the role of FSH

Answer 17

Male: Spermatogenesis
Females: Growth of ovarian follicles

Question 18

LH function

Answer 18

Þ Males: Testosterone

Females: Induces ovulation

Question 19

ACTH function

Answer 19

Synth & release glucocorticoids from

adrenal cortex

Question 20

TSH function

Answer 20

Synth & release triiodothyronine

and thyroxine from thyroid

Question 21

What does prolactin do to milk production?

Answer 21

Increases milk production

Question 22

What do endorphins do to pain?

Answer 22

Natural pain killer, alleviates pain

Question 23

What is the role of GH?

Answer 23

GH Þ ­Growth in bone/muscle

­Glucose in bone/muscle

Question 24

What hormones are found in thyroid gland?

Answer 24

T4 & T3

Question 25

Role of T4 and T3

Answer 25

made by follicle cells | increase ­basal metabolic rate

Question 26

What happens to calcium in the bone, blood, gut, and in excretion in kidneys after the release of parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands?

Answer 26

``` decreases Ca2+ in bone ­increases Ca2+ in blood ­Increases Ca2+ absorption in gut Decreases Ca2+ excretion in kidneys Bone breakdown releases Ca2+ Activates Vitamin D (Calcitriol) ```

Question 27

What does calcitonin do the calcium in the bones, blood, gut, and excretion from kidneys after released in the thyroid gland

Answer 27

``` Þ Made by parafollicular (c) cells Increase ­Ca2+ in bone decrease Ca2+ in blood decrease Ca2+ absorption in gut ­increase Ca2+ excretion from kidneys ```

Question 28

What does ADH do to water output in the urine after it is released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 28

Decreases water in urine and vasoconstriction occurs

Question 29

What happens to the uterine contractions, milk production, and bonding behavior after oxytocin is released in the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 29

Increase uterine contractions Increase milk Increase bonding behavior Positive feedback

Question 30

When glucocorticoids are released by the adrenal cortex what happens to glucose, protein synthesis, and immune system

Answer 30

Increase glucose Decrease protein synthesis Decrease immune system

Question 31

What do glucocorticoids release?

Answer 31

Cortisol

Question 32

What hormone do mineralocorticoids release? What is it's effect on the potassium, sodium, and water in the blood? What is its effect on blood pressure?

Answer 32

Aldosterone Decrease potassium in blood Increase sodium in blood increase water in the blood due to osmosis Increase blood pressure