Endocrine System Flashcards
Describe the properties of peptide hormones.
Made of amino acids and they are polar.
Where are steroid hormones made? Describe its properties
Made in Gonads & Adrenal Cortex, from Cholesterol
• Don’t dissolve, must be carried by proteins
• Non-polar, so CAN pass through membrane
• They activate nuclear receptors
• Direct action on DN
Describe the properties of amino acid derviatives hormones.
Share traits from both peptide & steroid hormones
Direct Hormones:
Act directly on target tissue/organ. Ex: Insulin.
Tropic Hormones:
Require an intermediary. They only affect other
endocrine tissues. Ex: GnRH and LH are both tropic
What happens to FSH, LH, and GH when GHRH is released in the hypothalamus?
They all increase
What stimulates the release of TSH?
TRH in the hypothalamus
What happens to ACTH when corticotropin releasing hormone CRH is released in the hypothalamus?
ACTH increases
What happens to prolactin when dopamine is released in the hypothalamus?
Decreases prolactin
What happens to glucose when insulin acts on beta islet cells in the pancreas?
Glucose decreases
What happens to glucose when glucagon acts on alpha islet cells in the pancreas?
Glucose increases
What happens to insulin and glucagon when somatostatin acts on delta islet cells in the pancreas?
Insulin and glucagon decrease
Where is testosterone produced?
Testes in the gonads
Where is estrogen produced?
Progesterone in the ovaries
Where is melatonin released?
Pineal gland
Which hormones are released in the anterior pituitary gland?
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, endorphins, and GH
FLAT PEG
What is the role of FSH
Male: Spermatogenesis
Females: Growth of ovarian follicles
LH function
Þ Males: Testosterone
Females: Induces ovulation
ACTH function
Synth & release glucocorticoids from
adrenal cortex
TSH function
Synth & release triiodothyronine
and thyroxine from thyroid
What does prolactin do to milk production?
Increases milk production
What do endorphins do to pain?
Natural pain killer, alleviates pain
What is the role of GH?
GH Þ Growth in bone/muscle
Glucose in bone/muscle
What hormones are found in thyroid gland?
T4 & T3
Role of T4 and T3
made by follicle cells
increase basal metabolic rate
What happens to calcium in the bone, blood, gut, and in excretion in kidneys after the release of parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands?
decreases Ca2+ in bone increases Ca2+ in blood Increases Ca2+ absorption in gut Decreases Ca2+ excretion in kidneys Bone breakdown releases Ca2+ Activates Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
What does calcitonin do the calcium in the bones, blood, gut, and excretion from kidneys after released in the thyroid gland
Þ Made by parafollicular (c) cells Increase Ca2+ in bone decrease Ca2+ in blood decrease Ca2+ absorption in gut increase Ca2+ excretion from kidneys
What does ADH do to water output in the urine after it is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
Decreases water in urine and vasoconstriction occurs
What happens to the uterine contractions, milk production, and bonding behavior after oxytocin is released in the posterior pituitary gland.
Increase uterine contractions
Increase milk
Increase bonding behavior
Positive feedback
When glucocorticoids are released by the adrenal cortex what happens to glucose, protein synthesis, and immune system
Increase glucose
Decrease protein synthesis
Decrease immune system
What do glucocorticoids release?
Cortisol
What hormone do mineralocorticoids release?
What is it’s effect on the potassium, sodium, and water in the blood? What is its effect on blood pressure?
Aldosterone
Decrease potassium in blood
Increase sodium in blood
increase water in the blood due to osmosis
Increase blood pressure
