Lipid Structure and Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Structural lipids characteristics

A

Lipids are insoluble in water and soluble in

nonpolar organic solvents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phospholipids

  • structure
  • bonds
A

Amphipathic and form the bilayer of membranes.
Contain a hydrophilic (polar) head and hydrophobic
(nonpolar) tails. The head is attached by a
phosphodiester linkage, and determines the
function of the phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Saturation

A

Saturation of the fatty acid tails determines the
fluidity of the membrane. Saturated fatty acid =
less fluid.

Single bonds means it is saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glycerophospholipids structure

A

Phospholipids that contain a glycerol backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sphingolipids structure and bonds

A

Contain a sphingosine backbone. Many (but not all)
sphingolipid are also phospholipids with a
phosphodiester bond. These are
sphingophospholipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sphingomyelins:

A

The major class of sphingophospholipids and
contain a phosphatidylcholine or
phohsphatidylethanolamine head group. Part of
the myelin sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sphingomyelins

A

The major class of sphingophospholipids and
contain a phosphatidylcholine or
phohsphatidylethanolamine head group. Part of
the myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glycosphingolipids

A

Attached to sugar moieties instead of a phosphate

group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycosphingolipids - Cerebrosides

A

have 1 sugar connected to

sphingosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glycosphingolipids Globosides

A

Have 2 or more sugars connected to sphingosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gangliosides

A

Contain oligosaccharides with at least 1 terminal Nacetylneuraminic
acid (NANA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Waxes

A

Contain long-chain fatty acids esterified to longchain
alcohols. Used as protection against
evaporation and parasites in plants and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Terpenes

A
Odiferous steroid precursors made from isoprene. One
terpene unit (monoterpene) contains 2 isoprene units
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Terpenoids

A

Derived from terpenes via oxygenation or backbone

rearrangement. Odorous characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Steroids

A

Contain 3 cyclohexane rings and 1 cyclopentane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Have high-affinity receptors, work at low
concentrations, and affect gene expression and
metabolism.

17
Q

Cholesterol

A

A steroid important to membrane fluidity and stability;

and serves as a precursor to many other molecules

18
Q

Prostaglandins:

A

Are autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules that
regulate cAMP levels. Affect smooth muscle
contraction, body temp, sleep-wake cycle, fever, pain

19
Q

Vitamin A:

A

Carotene, vision

20
Q

Vitamin D:

A

Cholecalciferol, bone formation.

21
Q

Vitamin E:

A

Tocopherols, antioxidants

22
Q

Vitamin K:

A

Phylloquinone & menaquinones. Forms

prothrombin, a clotting factor.

23
Q

Triacylglycerols:

A

Storage form of fatty acids. Contain 1 glycerol attached to
3 fatty acids by ester bonds. Very hydrophobic so do not
carry additional water weight.

24
Q

Adipocytes

A

Animal cells used specifically for storage of large

triacylglycerol deposits

25
Q

Free Fatty Acids

A

Unesterified fatty acids that travel in the bloodstream.

Salts of free fatty acids are soaps

26
Q

Saponification

A

The ester hydrolysis of triacylglycerols using a strong base

like sodium or KOH.

27
Q

Micelle

A

Can dissolve a lipid-soluble molecule in its fatty acid core,
and washes away with water because of its shell of
carboxylate head groups