Respiratory System Flashcards
State the air pathway
Nose –> Pharynx –> Larynx –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli
Pharynx:
Food / air travels through. Air is warmed /
humidified. Vibrissae filter
Larynx:
Air ONLY. Epiglottis covering. Contains vocal
cords
Trachea:
Ciliated epithelium collect debris
Bronchi:
Ciliated epithelium collect debris
Bronchioles:
The smallest of the branches of the bronchi
Alveoli:
Sacs where diffusion occurs. Surfactant
REDUCES surface tension. Prevents collapse
What device measures lung capacity but not total volume?
Spirometer
Total Lung
Capacity:
Maximum volume of air in the lungs
Residual
Volume:
Residual after exhalation (air stays in lungs to
keep alveoli from collapsing).
Vital Capacity
Difference between minimum and maximum
volume of air in the lungs.
Tidal Volume:
Volume inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath
Expiratory
Reserve Volume:
Volume of additional air that can be forcibly
exhaled following normal exhalation.
Inspiratory
Reserve Volume:
Volume of additional air that can be forcibly
inhaled following normal inhalation.
Where is the visceral pleura located?
Directly surround the lungs
Where is the parietal pleura located?
Outside of visceral pleura
What is the name of the space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura?
Pleural space
True/False: positive pressure breathing during inhalation
FALSE! Negative pressure
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?
Diaphragm & External Intercostal muscles contract
What happens to the intrapleural space, thoracic cavity, pressure, lung volume, and lung pressure during inhalation?
Increase intrapleural space Increase thoracic cavity Increase volume decrease pressure decrease lung pressure
Is inhalation an active process or passive process?
Active process
Is exhalation an active process or passive process?
Passive
What happens during active exhalation?
Internal intercostal & abdominal muscles help
force air out
What happens to the lung volume and lung pressure during exhalation?
volume decrease
pressure increase
What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inhalation?
They contract
List structures that protect from pathogens
Vibrissase, mucous membrane, muscociliary escalator, lysozymes, and mast cells
Vibrissae
In pharynx
Lysozymes:
In nasal cavity/saliva. Attack Gram + peptidoglycan
Mast Cells:
: Antibiotics on surface. Inflammation. Allergic reactions
As respiration increases what happens to CO2 ?
CO2 increases
What happens to ventilation during hypoxemia?
Increased ventilation
What happens to the bicarbonate buffer system when there is a drop in pH?
Increase respiration to blow off CO2, shift left
What happens to the bicarbonate buffer system when there is an increase in pH?
Decrease respiration, traps CO2 , shift right
