Respiratory System

Question 1

State the air pathway

Answer 1

Nose –> Pharynx –> Larynx –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli

Question 2

Pharynx:

Answer 2

Food / air travels through. Air is warmed /

humidified. Vibrissae filter

Question 3

Larynx:

Answer 3

Air ONLY. Epiglottis covering. Contains vocal

cords

Question 4

Trachea:

Answer 4

Ciliated epithelium collect debris

Question 5

Bronchi:

Answer 5

Ciliated epithelium collect debris

Question 6

Bronchioles:

Answer 6

The smallest of the branches of the bronchi

Question 7

Alveoli:

Answer 7

Sacs where diffusion occurs. Surfactant

REDUCES surface tension. Prevents collapse

Question 8

What device measures lung capacity but not total volume?

Answer 8

Spirometer

Question 9

Total Lung

Capacity:

Answer 9

Maximum volume of air in the lungs

Question 10

Residual

Volume:

Answer 10

Residual after exhalation (air stays in lungs to

keep alveoli from collapsing).

Question 11

Vital Capacity

Answer 11

Difference between minimum and maximum

volume of air in the lungs.

Question 12

Tidal Volume:

Answer 12

Volume inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath

Question 13

Expiratory

Reserve Volume:

Answer 13

Volume of additional air that can be forcibly

exhaled following normal exhalation.

Question 14

Inspiratory

Reserve Volume:

Answer 14

Volume of additional air that can be forcibly

inhaled following normal inhalation.

Question 15

Where is the visceral pleura located?

Answer 15

Directly surround the lungs

Question 16

Where is the parietal pleura located?

Answer 16

Outside of visceral pleura

Question 17

What is the name of the space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura?

Answer 17

Pleural space

Question 18

True/False: positive pressure breathing during inhalation

Answer 18

FALSE! Negative pressure

Question 19

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer 19

Diaphragm & External Intercostal muscles contract

Question 20

What happens to the intrapleural space, thoracic cavity, pressure, lung volume, and lung pressure during inhalation?

Answer 20

Increase intrapleural space
Increase thoracic cavity
Increase volume
decrease pressure
decrease lung pressure

Question 21

Is inhalation an active process or passive process?

Answer 21

Active process

Question 22

Is exhalation an active process or passive process?

Answer 22

Passive

Question 23

What happens during active exhalation?

Answer 23

Internal intercostal & abdominal muscles help

force air out

Question 24

What happens to the lung volume and lung pressure during exhalation?

Answer 24

volume decrease

pressure increase

Question 25

What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inhalation?

Answer 25

They contract

Question 26

List structures that protect from pathogens

Answer 26

Vibrissase, mucous membrane, muscociliary escalator, lysozymes, and mast cells

Question 27

Vibrissae

Answer 27

In pharynx

Question 28

Lysozymes:

Answer 28

In nasal cavity/saliva. Attack Gram + peptidoglycan

Question 29

Mast Cells:

Answer 29

: Antibiotics on surface. Inflammation. Allergic reactions

Question 30

As respiration increases what happens to CO2 ?

Answer 30

CO2 increases

Question 31

What happens to ventilation during hypoxemia?

Answer 31

Increased ventilation

Question 32

What happens to the bicarbonate buffer system when there is a drop in pH?

Answer 32

Increase respiration to blow off CO2, shift left

Question 33

What happens to the bicarbonate buffer system when there is an increase in pH?

Answer 33

Decrease respiration, traps CO2 , shift right