Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Describe the blood pathway
Deoxygenated blood enters to R atrium then through tricuspid valve goes to R ventricule then through pulmonary valve goes to pulmonary artery then brought to the lungs where it then gets oxygenated the pulmonary vein then brings the blood to the L Atrium then through the bicuspid valve the blood is brought to the left ventricle the through arotic valve brought to the aorta then to arteries to arterioles to capillaries then deoxygenated blood brought to venules to veins to venae cavae to R Atrium
Describe the electrical conduction pathway
SA node –> AV node–> Bundle of His –> purkinjie fibers
“Stab A Big Pickle”
Arteries:
Thick, muscular, elastic, allows for recoil and
helps propel blood forward.
Arterioles:
: Small muscular arteries
Capillaries:
1 cell thick endothelial wall, easy diffusion of
gases (O2 CO2) and waste (NH3, urea).
Veins:
THIN wall, inelastic. May stretch to
accommodate lots of blood, but do not have
recoil. Surrounding muscles help pump blood
through. Contain valves.
Venules:
: Small veins
What does systole measure?
Ventricular contraction, AV valves close
What does diastole measure?
Ventricular relaxation, SV close
What happens to atrial natriuertic peptide when BP is increased?
it also increases
What happens when there is low BP
Increase in aldosterone and ADH (vasopressin)
High osmolarity has what effect of ADH?
Increases ADH
What is the formula for Cardiac output
CO = HR x SV
Erythrocytes
Formed in bone marrow. No nucleus, mitochondria, or
organelles. Contain Hemoglobin to carry O2.
Hematocrit:
% of blood composed of RBCs.
Leukocytes
WBCs
(WBCs):
Immune system. Formed in bone marrow
List two types of leukocytes
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
: Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils =
nonspecific immunity, inflammatory reactions
Agranulocytes:
Lymphocytes = specific immunity,
monocytes digest foreign matter (if monocytes leave
bloodstream for organ they are called macrophages)
Thrombocytes
(Platelets):
Cell fragments. Coagulation.
Hydrostatic Pressure
Moves fluid out of the blood vessel and into
the interstitial fluid around it.
Osmotic Pressure:
“Sucking” pressure generated by solutes as
they draw H2O into the bloodstream.
Hemoglobin contains…
oxygen, iron
CO2:
Some carried by hemoglobin, most exist in the
bloodstream as bicarbonate HCO3
Blood type A antigens produced, antibodies, donates to.. and receives from?
A antigens
Anti-B antibodies
Donates to A and AB
Receive from A and O
What is coagulation and when does it occur?
The process when blood changes from a liquid to a gel.
When the endothelial lining of a blood vessel is damaged, the tissue factor underlying the endothelial cells are exposed.
