Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Describe the blood pathway

Answer 1

Deoxygenated blood enters to R atrium then through tricuspid valve goes to R ventricule then through pulmonary valve goes to pulmonary artery then brought to the lungs where it then gets oxygenated the pulmonary vein then brings the blood to the L Atrium then through the bicuspid valve the blood is brought to the left ventricle the through arotic valve brought to the aorta then to arteries to arterioles to capillaries then deoxygenated blood brought to venules to veins to venae cavae to R Atrium

Question 2

Describe the electrical conduction pathway

Answer 2

SA node –> AV node–> Bundle of His –> purkinjie fibers

“Stab A Big Pickle”

Question 3

Arteries:

Answer 3

Thick, ­muscular, elastic, allows for recoil and

helps propel blood forward.

Question 4

Arterioles:

Answer 4

: Small muscular arteries

Question 5

Capillaries:

Answer 5

1 cell thick endothelial wall, easy diffusion of

gases (O2 CO2) and waste (NH3, urea).

Question 6

Veins:

Answer 6

THIN wall, inelastic. May stretch to
accommodate lots of blood, but do not have
recoil. Surrounding muscles help pump blood
through. Contain valves.

Question 7

Venules:

Answer 7

: Small veins

Question 8

What does systole measure?

Answer 8

Ventricular contraction, AV valves close

Question 9

What does diastole measure?

Answer 9

Ventricular relaxation, SV close

Question 10

What happens to atrial natriuertic peptide when BP is increased?

Answer 10

it also increases

Question 11

What happens when there is low BP

Answer 11

Increase in aldosterone and ADH (vasopressin)

Question 12

High osmolarity has what effect of ADH?

Answer 12

Increases ADH

Question 13

What is the formula for Cardiac output

Answer 13

CO = HR x SV

Question 14

Erythrocytes

Answer 14

Formed in bone marrow. No nucleus, mitochondria, or

organelles. Contain Hemoglobin to carry O2.

Question 15

Hematocrit:

Answer 15

% of blood composed of RBCs.

Question 16

Leukocytes

WBCs

Answer 16

(WBCs):

Immune system. Formed in bone marrow

Question 17

List two types of leukocytes

Answer 17

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Question 18

Granulocytes

Answer 18

: Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils =

nonspecific immunity, inflammatory reactions

Question 19

Agranulocytes:

Answer 19

Lymphocytes = specific immunity,
monocytes digest foreign matter (if monocytes leave
bloodstream for organ they are called macrophages)

Question 20

Thrombocytes

(Platelets):

Answer 20

Cell fragments. Coagulation.

Question 21

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 21

Moves fluid out of the blood vessel and into

the interstitial fluid around it.

Question 22

Osmotic Pressure:

Answer 22

“Sucking” pressure generated by solutes as

they draw H2O into the bloodstream.

Question 23

Hemoglobin contains…

Answer 23

oxygen, iron

Question 24

CO2:

Answer 24

Some carried by hemoglobin, most exist in the

bloodstream as bicarbonate HCO3

Question 25

Blood type A antigens produced, antibodies, donates to.. and receives from?

Answer 25

A antigens
Anti-B antibodies
Donates to A and AB
Receive from A and O

Question 26

What is coagulation and when does it occur?

Answer 26

The process when blood changes from a liquid to a gel.

When the endothelial lining of a blood vessel is damaged, the tissue factor underlying the endothelial cells are exposed.