The brain :0

Question 1

What are the 4 brain lobes + function

Answer 1

Frontal: motor posterior, personality and language anterior
parietal: somatosensory
occipital: visual
temporal: Memory and hearing

Question 2

What are the 3 types of white matter tracts

Answer 2

Commisural tracts: across hemispheres of the brain, makes sure LHS adn RHS of body are coordinated

projectial tracts: Projects down into other regions of the CNS in the spinal column

Associative tracts: white matter tracts within the same hemisphere of the brain, can be short or long, enables communication between different brain regions. (see something want to move, occipital sends signal to frontal (motor))

Question 3

What are the sections in the middle of the brain decending from the corpus callosum

Answer 3

Corpus callosum
Diancephalon - thalomus + hypothalomus
Mid brain - cerebral aquaduct level
pons - cerebellum lvl + 4th ventricl
medulla oblongata - foramen magnum inferior end.
spinal cord -

Question 4

what are the main sulcus of the brain and which hemispheres do they seperate

Answer 4

Central sulcus - frontal, parietal
lateral sulcus: temportal frontal parietal
parieto ocipital sulcus: parietal and ocipital
transverse fissure: cerebrum cerebellum location of the tentorium cerebelli

Question 5

What are the important gyri learned about + function

Answer 5

Pre central gyrus: the location of the 1 motor cortex
post central gyrus: location of the 1 somatosensory cortex

Question 6

What are the two pathways talked about

Answer 6

efferent: corticospinal pathway
afferent: dorsal column pathway

Question 7

describe the corticospinal pathway

Answer 7

N1: cell body: 1 motor cortext of pre central gyrus. projection tract axon moves down crossing to other half of body in medulla oblongata into the spinal cord.

N2: Synapsed in the ventral horn then cell body leaves via ventral root to spinal nerve to effector skeletal muscle

Question 8

describe the doral column pathway

Answer 8

N1: unipolar neuron, input region at the region of sensation. travels to the dorsal root ganglion, output region travels up dorsal column until reaches medulla oblongdata

N2: cell body in the medulla oblongdata, crosses over to other half the body and acends to the thallomus

N3: cell body in the thalomus and associatve tract brings information to the post central gyrus.

Question 9

What happens if damage occurs to either the pre or post central gyrus

Answer 9

Due to both the pre and post central gyri having a map associated to the body, damage to a particular area can cause either paralysis if the 1 motor cortext or loss of sensation if the 1 somatosensory cortex is damaged. this affect will be in the associated region of the body on the other side of the body to the damage, left foot loses sensation if the rhs foot area of the somatosensory cortex is damaged