Neuro structure

Question 1

What are the 5 parts of a neuron

Answer 1

dendrites
cell body
axon hillock
axon
axon terminals

Question 2

what are the 4 zones of a neuron

Answer 2

input zone: recives signals from pre synaptic neuron
summation zone: determines what information to pass on
conduction zone: where the electrical action potential travels down the axon
output zone: the axon terminals release neurotransmitters into the the synaptic cleft

Question 2

how are singals passed between neurons

Answer 2

in neurotransmitters in events called synapses between the input and outpur regions involving the axon terminals and denderites

Question 2

what are the glia of the PNS and CNS

Answer 2

CNS glia:
micogli
astrocytes
ependrermal cells
oloigodendrocytes
PNS glia:
shwann cells

Question 2

what is the diffrence between PNS and CNS

Answer 2

CNS: involes the spinal collumn and the brain
PNS involves all other nerves branching out from.

Question 3

what are the groups of cell bodys and axons called in the CNS and PNS

Answer 3

In the PNS: the ganglion are groups of cell body’s
The nerve are groups of axons
In the CNS: cell body groups are nucleus
Bundles on axons are tract
In the cerebral cortex or spinal column , cell body’s make grey matter and axons make white matter

Question 4

what are the different structures of neurons: morphologys

Answer 4

Unipolar, one section leaving the body splits into dendrites and axon
Bipolar, 1 axon and 1 dendrite
Multipolar: lots of dendrites one axon
Anaxionic: no distinct axon

Question 5

why is the function ad structure of myelin

Answer 5

function: to increase the transmition velocity of action poteintials

Question 6

what is the names of the different types of information flow into and out of the brain

Answer 6

into the brain, afferent accending information
out of the brain efferent decending information

Question 7

what is the name of the synaps between the final neuron and a muscle

Answer 7

neuro muscular junction

Question 7

what are the two types of neurotrasmitteres

Answer 7

acetylcholine
norophinephrin - efferent aunomatic sympathetic muscular junction only.

Question 8

what are the two types of signal types in from the brain
(known and unknown)

Answer 8

somatic, known response,
afferent somatic, sensory information
efferent somatic, motor information

autonomic, unknown signals
afferent autonomic
efferent autonomic

Question 9

what is the structural make up of efferent somatic neuron systems.

Answer 9

made from 2 neurons
synaps between them
pre synaptic neuron, cell body lies in the brain, axon down the spinal column, CNS
post synaptic neuron, cell body lies in the spinal column and axon moves into the PNS in the spinal nerve.

both are myelinated
both synapses have neurotransmitter acetylcholine
neuro musclular junctions between effector and N2

Question 10

what makes up the structure of N1 in the autonomic neuron system

Answer 10

cell body in the brain, axon travels to the brain or spinal cord

Question 11

what body functions are controled by autonomic responses

Answer 11

Smooth and cardiac muscle groups
glands
adipose fats

Question 12

what is the make up of N2 and N3 in the sympathetic autonomic nervouse system

Answer 12

N2 pre gandlionic neuron: cell body lies in the Thracolumbar, short myelinated axon runs into the PNS. makes up the sympathic chain ganglia close to the spinal column, neurotransmitter acetylcholine
N3 post ganglionic neuron: cell body lies in the sypathic chain ganglia long unmyelinated axon runs to the effector. neurotransmitter nuropinephrine.

Question 12

what is the make up of N2 and N3 in the parasympathetic autonomic nervouse system

Answer 12

N2 pre ganglionic neuron, cell body lies in the spinal column, axon is long and myelinated.
ganglion close to effector, synapse between N2 and 3 acetylcholine
N3 post ganglionic neuron, cell body lies in the ganglion (PNS) axon is short and runs into the effector, un myelinated. neurotransmitter: acyetlycholine

Question 13

what is the difference between parasympathetic responses and sympathetic responses

Answer 13

Parasympathetic: these are our rest digest system, relaxed response
lower heart rate, enlargens pupils
Sympathetic: These are our fight or flight responses, stress response
increased heart rate, sweating, shrinks pupiles

Question 14

explain the ganglions of the sympathic nervouse system. autonomic.

Answer 14

the sypathic ganglion chain is a chain of 21-23 pairs of ganglia on either side of the spinal column which the cell bodys of N3 in the sympathetic nervouse system lies.
between thorasic V1 to lumbar V2.

Question 15

in the parasympathetic nervous system where does the N2 cell body lie

Answer 15

can be either in the cranial (brainstem) or the sacral (spinal cord)