Neuro structure Flashcards
What are the 5 parts of a neuron
dendrites
cell body
axon hillock
axon
axon terminals
what are the 4 zones of a neuron
input zone: recives signals from pre synaptic neuron
summation zone: determines what information to pass on
conduction zone: where the electrical action potential travels down the axon
output zone: the axon terminals release neurotransmitters into the the synaptic cleft
how are singals passed between neurons
in neurotransmitters in events called synapses between the input and outpur regions involving the axon terminals and denderites
what are the glia of the PNS and CNS
CNS glia:
micogli
astrocytes
ependrermal cells
oloigodendrocytes
PNS glia:
shwann cells
what is the diffrence between PNS and CNS
CNS: involes the spinal collumn and the brain
PNS involves all other nerves branching out from.
what are the groups of cell bodys and axons called in the CNS and PNS
In the PNS: the ganglion are groups of cell body’s
The nerve are groups of axons
In the CNS: cell body groups are nucleus
Bundles on axons are tract
In the cerebral cortex or spinal column , cell body’s make grey matter and axons make white matter
what are the different structures of neurons: morphologys
Unipolar, one section leaving the body splits into dendrites and axon
Bipolar, 1 axon and 1 dendrite
Multipolar: lots of dendrites one axon
Anaxionic: no distinct axon
why is the function ad structure of myelin
function: to increase the transmition velocity of action poteintials
what is the names of the different types of information flow into and out of the brain
into the brain, afferent accending information
out of the brain efferent decending information
what is the name of the synaps between the final neuron and a muscle
neuro muscular junction
what are the two types of neurotrasmitteres
acetylcholine
norophinephrin - efferent aunomatic sympathetic muscular junction only.
what are the two types of signal types in from the brain
(known and unknown)
somatic, known response,
afferent somatic, sensory information
efferent somatic, motor information
autonomic, unknown signals
afferent autonomic
efferent autonomic
what is the structural make up of efferent somatic neuron systems.
made from 2 neurons
synaps between them
pre synaptic neuron, cell body lies in the brain, axon down the spinal column, CNS
post synaptic neuron, cell body lies in the spinal column and axon moves into the PNS in the spinal nerve.
both are myelinated
both synapses have neurotransmitter acetylcholine
neuro musclular junctions between effector and N2
what makes up the structure of N1 in the autonomic neuron system
cell body in the brain, axon travels to the brain or spinal cord
what body functions are controled by autonomic responses
Smooth and cardiac muscle groups
glands
adipose fats
what is the make up of N2 and N3 in the sympathetic autonomic nervouse system
N2 pre gandlionic neuron: cell body lies in the Thracolumbar, short myelinated axon runs into the PNS. makes up the sympathic chain ganglia close to the spinal column, neurotransmitter acetylcholine
N3 post ganglionic neuron: cell body lies in the sypathic chain ganglia long unmyelinated axon runs to the effector. neurotransmitter nuropinephrine.
what is the make up of N2 and N3 in the parasympathetic autonomic nervouse system
N2 pre ganglionic neuron, cell body lies in the spinal column, axon is long and myelinated.
ganglion close to effector, synapse between N2 and 3 acetylcholine
N3 post ganglionic neuron, cell body lies in the ganglion (PNS) axon is short and runs into the effector, un myelinated. neurotransmitter: acyetlycholine
what is the difference between parasympathetic responses and sympathetic responses
Parasympathetic: these are our rest digest system, relaxed response
lower heart rate, enlargens pupils
Sympathetic: These are our fight or flight responses, stress response
increased heart rate, sweating, shrinks pupiles
explain the ganglions of the sympathic nervouse system. autonomic.
the sypathic ganglion chain is a chain of 21-23 pairs of ganglia on either side of the spinal column which the cell bodys of N3 in the sympathetic nervouse system lies.
between thorasic V1 to lumbar V2.
in the parasympathetic nervous system where does the N2 cell body lie
can be either in the cranial (brainstem) or the sacral (spinal cord)
