innate immunity Flashcards
What is blood comprised of
55% plasma (antibodys, ions, fluid)
45% formed element (platelets, luekeocytes, red blood cells)
What is the process for cells to enter the blood
hamepoiesis
Hamepoteitc stem cells divide to produce myeloid and Lymphoid
What are the myeloid cells in the blood
Red blood cell
granulocytes
monocytes
dendritic cells
What are the leukoid cells
T and B cell
What are our phagocytic cells - and nonphagocytic cells
macrophages
dendritic cells
neutrophils
monocytes
mast cells
What are our granulocytes
Blood grandulocytes: neutrophils
make up 75% of the leukeocytes, highlyphagocytic, increase in number in infected tissues
Tissues mast cells: Contain granules which can be stimulated to be released and cause the attraction of white blood cells-
What is the process of macrophage initiation to infection sites
monocytes in the blood - low phagocytic nature, can leave the blood to infected tissues
They become macrophages - highly phagocytic. Can be sessile or migratory
What are the 3 functions of macrophages
- Eat and kill pathogens
- Release chemical messangers
- Provide information about the pathogen to T cells
Explain the functions of dendritic cells
High surface area to enable interaction between innate and adaptive systems
Low numbers in blood
phagocytic
How do cells travel in the blood tissue loop
Cells travel via blood, move back from tissue into blood via lymph - lyphatic vesssles
How do innate cells recognise pathogens rather than the body
PAMP Pathogen associated molecular patterns
Unique parts of pathgens which arent present in humans
What types of PAMP are present in virus
(pathogen associated molecular patterns)
ssRNA, dsRNA
What types of PAMP are present in bacteria
(pathogen associated molecular patterns)
Cell wall: Lipopolysacharides, endotoxins, lipoteichoic acid
Flagella: Flagellin units
nucleic acids: C + G unmethylated groups
What are our 2 types of receptors for PAMP
what is the name of these receptors
Cell membrane receptors: cell wall material, flagellin units,
intracellular receptors: Nucleic acid (once athogen phagocytosed)
Initiates gene transcription of chemical messangers
Toll like receptors (TLR)
How is a fever induced
Phagocytes when phagocytosing release pyrogen interlukin-1
pyrogen interlukin-1 stimulates the hypothalamus to increase setpoint for that region.
increases temprature until the stimulus goes away (phagocytes no longer release pyrogen interlukin-1)
