Glucose and Ca homeostasis Flashcards
What is the name for high and low glucose and calceum
hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
hypercalcemia
hypocalcemia
Why does the body need Ca and Glucose
So that cells have the reqired resorces for functions
Ca - synapses, bone strength (inorganic hydroxiapitate,) muscle recruitment, act as a second messanger system
Glucose for cellular resperation in all cells
What are Ca entraces and exits to the blood plasma
Absorbtion through the digestive tract, OC activeity in bones, Kindneys can reabsorb back into blood
out: Kidneys filter Ca out of the blood, OB activity of bones can reform hydroxiaipitate
What is the Pathway for Hypocalcima
Stimulus = blood Ca to low
Parathyroid releases PTH
PTH effects bones causing them to increase OC
PTH effects Kindneys to start reabsorbtion of Ca into the blood stream
PTH effects kindneys to change VD into calcetriol (which increases Absorbtion of Ca from digestive tracts and increases other factors)
hyperglycema is the reverse.
What are the Endocrine organs involved in Ca homeostasis
Parathyroid (4): releases PTH parathyroid hormone
Thyroid: releases Calcetonin (a secondary less impactive hormone)
both located around the trachea
What is the other hormone which impacts hypercalcemic
stimulus = Ca levels to high
Thyroid releases Calcetonin intot he blood stream to reduce OC activity and reduce reabsorbtion of Ca into blood
Lesser effect than PTH
What are the inputs and outputs of Glucose
Inputs: absorbtion from the digestive tract, released from the liver
Outputs: Stored as fats or glycogen (in the liver or skeletal muscle), USED BY ALL CELLS ATP
What endocrine organ and hormones are associated with glucose
Pancrease:
Alpha islet -> glucagon (low)
Beta islet -> insulin (high)
What is the hypoglycemic pathway
Stimulus = low plasma glucose - offten after a fasting state (4+h no intake)
Alpha islet detects and releases glucagon
Glucagon impacts the liver to undergo three processes
gycogenolysis- breaking down glycogen into glucose
Gluconeogenisis - production of new glucose
Ketone synthesis - production of Ketones (an alternative sorce of energy
What is the hyperglycemic pathway
Stimulus = plasma glucose is to high (fed state)
Beta islets detect change releasing insulin into the blood stream
Causes cells to use as much glucose as they require,
Excess glucose is stored and glycogen in both liver and skeletal muscle, also as fats in adipose tissue
