Complex movements and reflex

Question 1

What is the pathway of information transport when you want to move a muscle

Answer 1

Pre frontal cortex: decrides that you want to move
Pre motor cortex: decides the motor sequence. sneds to basil nuclei cerebellumn and primary motor cortex
Primary motor cortex: sends information down the corticospinal pathway to effector muscle
Cerebellum and basil nuclei: interact to decide how to change the movement occuring when nessisary

Question 2

What is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 2

The cerebellumn stores and facilitates the learning, planing and excecution of motor movement.
Compairs desired movement to movement occouring
alters the movement which is occuring by changing the timing of mucle contractions

Question 2

Define a difference between how the basil nuclei and cerebellumn change movement

Answer 2

BN: removes movenet which should never have occured in the first place (tripping over)
CB: Chnagings timing of muscle contractions to make sure that the movement we want to happen is happening

Question 2

What is the function of the basil nuclei

Answer 2

The basil nuclei:
Refines movement by removing unwanted by altering the sensitivity of neurons
Regulates muscle tone and posture
Automatic movement (movement such as walking where you dont think about it much)

Question 3

Define a small and large motor unit and how they project to the 1 motor cortex

Answer 3

Small motor unit: 1 neuron, small number of inervated fibers. has large referance area in the 1 motor cortex, precise movements
large motor unit: 1 neuron, large number of innervated fibers: has a smaller area of the 1 motor unit and creates forcefull movemnet

Question 4

Differences between volentary and reflex movement

Answer 4

Shorter latency
response to pain as oppose to enviromental interaction
Replicatable as opposed to a varriety of choice
employs a simple receptor spinal cord circute without the function of brain neurons

Question 5

What is the strech relfex pathway

Answer 5

Mechanoceptor (properoceptors): bound to muscle spindles are streched, causes depolarisatio. reaches the spinal cord and sends 2 excititory synapes, 1 at the flexor muscle motor neuron, 1 to an inhibitory inter neuron which inhibits the movement of the exstensors

Question 6

what is the relflex pathway the withdrawal pathway

Answer 6

Nochioceptors in the tissue are triggered, sends an AP down sensory neuron to spinal cord. Excites an excitory interneuron, this excites both the motor flexor neuron and a second inhibitory inter neuron which inhibits the movement of the muscle exstensor