The Brachium and Elbow Flashcards
Primary supinator of hand
Biceps brachii
Posterior compartment of brachium innervated by…
Radial nerve
Anterior compartment of the brachium innervated by…
Musculocutaneous nerve
Posterior compartments are
Extensors
Anterior compartment are
Flexors
Movements of elbow joint
Flexion, pronation, supination
Ligamentous support of elbow
Anular ligament, ulnar collateral ligament (anterior & posterior)
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Injury to radial nerve, not in a lot of pain, but annular ligament is not attached
Anterior brachium muscles
Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachilias
Coracobrachialis function
Flexes GH joint
Brachialis function
Flexes elbow
Innervation of anterior arm
Musculocutaneous nerve
Posterior brachium muscle function
Extension
Innervation of posterior brachium muscles
Radial nerve
Components of posterior brachium
Lateral head, medial head, and long head of triceps brachii, anconeus
Major structures in anterior compartment
Musculocutaneous nerve, brachial artery, median nerve
Major structures in posterior compartment
Circumflex scapular artery, axillary nerve, radial nerve, profunda brachii (branch of brachial artery)
Supracondylar fracture injury
Radial nerve, median nerve, brachial artery, partial ulnar nerve
Greater tuberosity fracture displaces
Supraspinatus
Lesser tuberosity displaces
Subcapularis muscle
Medial epicondyle displaces
Ulnar nerve
Cubital fossa components
TAN -> tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve
Brachial artery branches into…
Radial and ulnar arteries
Brachial artery anastamoses with
Profunda brachii artery
Ligation of brachial artery between the subscapular and profunda brachial arteries will result in…
Greatly impaired flow to the forearm and hand
Ligation of the brachial artery distal to the inferior ulnar collateral artery will…
Maintain blood flow to the hand through the collateral channels around the elbow
Compression site for brachial artery
Distal humerus
Compression site for radial artery
Between tendons of brachioradialis and flexor carpi ulnaris; snuff box, 1st dorsal digit space
Compression site for ulnar artery
Lateral (and proximal) to pisiform
Sympathetic innervation to the spinal cord levels
T2-T7
Injury at elbow will impact
MEDIAN NERVE
S/S of median nerve injury
“Ape hand” appearance due to decreased wrist flexion, supination of the hand (both pronators are paralyzed), thumb in neutral position (laterally rotated, adducted and cannot be opposed) and wasting of the thenar eminence, ulnar deviation of wrist with attempted wrist flexion
Supracondylar humerus fractures may selectively injure…
Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)
the Terrible triad
injury to the elbow characterized by dislocation, fracture of the radial head, and avulsion of the coronoid process
Dislocation of radial head
a sudden “yank” on the arm of a young child (in extension and
pronation) can tear the annular ligament resulting in partial (subluxation) or complete dislocation; often referred to as “nursemaid’s elbow” or “babysitter’s elbow”
Name of fracture that showcases a dinner fork appearance due to distal radius fracture
Colle’s fracture
Tommy John surgery at most risk for
Injuring ulnar nerve as it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle
