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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 > Back Clinical Supplement > Flashcards

Back Clinical Supplement Flashcards

1
Q

Atlanto-Occiptal Articulation

A

Synovial condyloid

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2
Q

Atlanto-Axial articulation

A

2 Synovial plane/gliding
1 Synovial pivot

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3
Q

Zygapophyseal Joint Articulation

A

Facet joints

Plane/gliding

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4
Q

Intervertebral disc articulation

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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5
Q

Cervical Dislocation mechanism

A

Due to sloped facets, superior cervical segments can slide anteriorly and superiorly along inferior segments

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6
Q

Jefferson fracture

A

Trauma (usually from above) travels through skull and bursts the the arch of the atlas. Usually no spinal cord damage.

Bonk go to horny jail

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7
Q

Hangman Fracture

A

Hyperextension breaks pars articularis of axis bilaterally

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8
Q

Osteoporosis cause

A

Ca++ metabolism deficiency

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9
Q

Dowanger’s hump

A

Nana hump

Exaggerated kyphosis and decreased lordosis, makes you short

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10
Q

Dens Fracture consequences

A

Avascular necrosis of dens

Dens fragments lacerate cord

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11
Q

Transverse ligmanent of atlas rupture consequence

A

Compression of spinal cord by dens

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12
Q

Populations with lax transverse ligament of atlas

A

Marfans
Down syndrome

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13
Q

Spinal stenosis symptoms

A

Bilateral extremity pain or numbness
Incontinence

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14
Q

Spinal stenosis fix

A

Surgical laminectomy

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15
Q

Causes of spinal stenosis

A

Protruding intervertebral disc
Meningeoma
Bone changes
Ligament Hyperthropy (posterior longitudinal, ligamentum flavum)
Zygapophyseal joints

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16
Q

Congenital Scoliosis cause

A

Improperly formed vertebra (fused/hemi)

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17
Q

Myopathic Scoliosis

A

Muscle asymmetry (common in cerebral palsy)

18
Q

Functional Scoliosis

A

Different leg lengths

19
Q

Ankolysing Spondilitys

A

spondyLYTIS

Vertebral joint and ligament inflammation, causes calcification of annulus firbrosus

20
Q

Ankolysing Spondylitis symptoms

A

Fusion of vertebral segments, pain, stifness

21
Q

Epidural anesthesia site

A

Between lamina of L3-L4

Sacral hiatus

22
Q

Spinal Anesthesia

A

Injection into subarachnoid space

Done by lumbar puncture

23
Q

Uncovertebral Joints, Joints of Luschka

A

Plane synovial joints that develop in early adolescence

Develop between uncal/hook process of C3-C7

24
Q

Intervertebral disc innervation

A

Ventral rami ———> Recurrent branch———> Sinuverterbral nerves ———> intervertebral disc

25
Q

Zygapophyseal joint innervation

A

From dorsal rami. Overlaps and includes above joint as well

26
Q

Disc herniation common location

A

Posterior lateral

Goes lateral to Posterior longitudinal ligament , annulus fibrosis is thinner here

27
Q

Nerves affected due to disc herniation

A

Nerve exiting at level in cervical spine

Nerve level below in lumbar region

28
Q

Common disc herniation sites

A

95% L4-L5
5% C5-C6, C6-C7, C7-T1

29
Q

Central (midline) disc herniation consequences

A

Compress spinal cord (LL weakness, incontinence) or cauda equina

30
Q

Schorl nodes

A

Intervertebral disc herniation

31
Q

Nerve Root testing C5

A

Strength: Deltoid, Biceps brachii
MSR: Brachioradialis
Key Sensory Area: lateral shoulder and arm

32
Q

Nerve Root testing C6

A

Strength: biceps brachii, wrist extension
MSR: brachioridialis
Key Sensory Area: lateral forearm and palm, 1st digit

33
Q

Nerve Root Test C7

A

Strength: triceps brachii, wrist flex, finger extension
MSR: triceps brachii
Key Sensory Area: middle finger

34
Q

Nerve Root test C8

A

Strength: finger flex
MSR: Triceps brachii
Key Sensory Area: Fifth digit, medial forearm

35
Q

Nerve Root test T1

A

Strength: finger adduction/abduction
MSR: no
Key Sensory Area: medial arm

36
Q

Nerve Root test L4

A

Strength: tibiales anterior, quadriceps
MSR: patellar tendon
Key Sensory Area: medial leg, medial aspect of foot

37
Q

Nerve Root test L5

A

Strength: extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorium longus, walk on heels
MSR: tibiales posterior
Key Sensory Area: dorsum of foot

38
Q

Nerve root test S1

A

Strength: fabularis longus, walk on toes
MSR: calcaneal
Key Sensory Area: lateral aspect of foot

39
Q

Provocative tests for disc herniations

A

UE: Spurling
LE: straight leg test

40
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Injury or compression of spinal nerve root

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 (25 decks)

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