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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 > Scapular/Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Scapular/Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

The Shoulder Girdle consists of

A

Scapula, coracoid process, sternal process, manubrium, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle

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2
Q

Sternoclavicular articulation

A

Synovial, saddle

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3
Q

Acromioclavicular articulation

A

Synovial, plane

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4
Q

Glenohumeral articulation

A

Synovial, ball/socket

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5
Q

Bony landmarks of humerus

A

Capitulum, trochlea, surgical neck, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus

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6
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint reinforced by?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid ligaments)

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7
Q

Movements of the glenohumeral joint

A

Flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, adduction, abduction, circumduction (F, E, AD, AB)

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8
Q

What does the synovial sheath wrap around?

A

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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9
Q

What is the biceps tendon held in place by?

A

Transverse humeral ligament on supraglenoid tubercle

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10
Q

What does the biceps tendon + transverse humeral ligament form?

A

Joint capsule

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11
Q

Trapezius innervation, attachment, function

A

Innervation: spinal accessory nerve
Attachment: upper nuchal line, clavicle
Function: depress, abduct, elevate

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12
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation, attachment, and function

A

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
A: intertubercular sulcus
F: medially rotate, extend, adduct

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13
Q

Deltoid innervation, function, testing

A

Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: medially rotate
Testing: abduct against resistance

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14
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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15
Q

Most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle

A

Supraspinatus

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16
Q

Separation (AC joint dislocation)

A

Involves injury to AC joint, complete separation involves rupture of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

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17
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of subdeltoid or subacromial bursa

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18
Q

What can be torn when trying to carry too much?

A

Supraspinatus tendon

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19
Q

Drop arm test

A

ask patient to lower arm from 90 degrees of abduction; failure to lower the arm in a smooth, controlled fashion or with pain suggests a tear of the supraspinatus tendon

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20
Q

What does a dislocation of glenohumeral joint sacrifice?

A

Stability of the joint

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21
Q

Most shoulder dislocations occur…

A

Anteriorly, anterior inferior

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22
Q

Anterior dislocation (95%) description

A

Often tears joint capsule, and detaches labrum, can result in a compression fracture of the humeral head, may injure axillary or radial nerve or compress axillary artery

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23
Q

Posterior dislocation description

A

Can compress posterior circumflex humeral artery

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24
Q

What are infraspinatus and supraspinatus innervated by

A

Suprascapular nerve

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25
Q

Teres minor is innervated by

A

Axillary nerve

26
Q

Subscapularis innervation by

A

Upper subscapular nerve

27
Q

Levator scapule and rhomboids function and innervation

A

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Function: retracts and elevates scapula

28
Q

Serratus anterior function, innervation, testing

A

Function: protraction of scapula (raise your hands)
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Testing: abduct hand, push against wall

29
Q

What can damage long thoracic nerve?

A

Mastectomy

30
Q

Triangular space borders

A

Superior: teres minor
Inferior: teres major
Lateral: long head of triceps brachii

31
Q

Quadrangular space borders

A

Superior: teres minor
Inferior: teres major
Medial: long head of triceps brachii
Lateral: humerus

32
Q

Triangular interval

A

Superior: teres major
Medial: long head of triceps brachii
Lateral: humerus

33
Q

What is inside triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

34
Q

What does the circumflex scapular artery anastomose with?

A

Superficial circumflex artery

35
Q

Quadrangular space contains…

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

36
Q

Triangular interval contains…

A

Radial nerve
Profunda brachii artery

37
Q

Vasculature of shoulder/scapula

A

Thyrocervical trunk -> transverse or superficial cervical artery, suprascapular
Axillary artery
Brachial artery -> profunda brachii

38
Q

Axillary artery is divided by

A

Pectoralis minor!

39
Q

Axillary artery part one

A

Superior thoracic artery

40
Q

Axillary artery part 2

A

Thoracromial trunk, lateral thoracic artery

41
Q

What is buddy buddy with the lateral thoracic artery?

A

Long thoracic nerve

42
Q

Axillary artery part 3

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, subscapular artery

43
Q

Ligation of axillary artery between the thyrocervical trunk and subscapular artery will maintain

A

Collateral bloodflow to the UE via the scapular collateral network

44
Q

Compression site for axillary artery

A

Anterior to teres major, proximal humerus

45
Q

Axillary vein laceration

A

The cephalic vein MUST BE preserved as it becomes the only vein returning blood to UE

46
Q

If penetrating trauma occurs on axillary vein, risk of

A

Air embolism

47
Q

Spinal nerves of axillary nerve

A

C5 - C6

48
Q

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus impacts

A

Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery

49
Q

Nerve injured with shaft of humerus

A

Radial nerve

50
Q

Nerve injured with fracture with medial humeral epicondyle

A

Ulnar nerve

51
Q

What muscles are innervated by axillary nerve

A

Deltoid and teres minor

52
Q

What initiates abduction of arm?

A

Supraspinatus muscle

53
Q

What tendon goes through shoulder joint

A

Long head of biceps

54
Q

Most commonly fractured bone in UE

A

Clavicle

55
Q

Chief flexor/extensor of shoulder joint

A

Deltoid

56
Q

What can cause winged scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, dorsal scapular nerve

57
Q

Risk of injury during clavicle fracture

A

Suprascapular VAN -> supraclavicular nerves, brachial plexus, subclavian vein

58
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) injury causes

A

Entrapment as it passes through the middle scalene muscle; injury results in a partially protracted scapula; weakness in elevation and retraction

59
Q

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) injury

A

Injury at the suprascapular notch, clavicle fracture = weakness/atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

60
Q

Thoracodorsal (C5-C6) nerve

A

• In danger during mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection or trauma to axilla
• Paralysis of latissimus dorsi - weakness in adduction/extension/medial rotation of humerus

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 (25 decks)

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