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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 > Scapular/Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Scapular/Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

The Shoulder Girdle consists of

A

Scapula, coracoid process, sternal process, manubrium, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle

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2
Q

Sternoclavicular articulation

A

Synovial, saddle

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3
Q

Acromioclavicular articulation

A

Synovial, plane

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4
Q

Glenohumeral articulation

A

Synovial, ball/socket

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5
Q

Bony landmarks of humerus

A

Capitulum, trochlea, surgical neck, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus

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6
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint reinforced by?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid ligaments)

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7
Q

Movements of the glenohumeral joint

A

Flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, adduction, abduction, circumduction (F, E, AD, AB)

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8
Q

What does the synovial sheath wrap around?

A

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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9
Q

What is the biceps tendon held in place by?

A

Transverse humeral ligament on supraglenoid tubercle

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10
Q

What does the biceps tendon + transverse humeral ligament form?

A

Joint capsule

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11
Q

Trapezius innervation, attachment, function

A

Innervation: spinal accessory nerve
Attachment: upper nuchal line, clavicle
Function: depress, abduct, elevate

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12
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation, attachment, and function

A

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
A: intertubercular sulcus
F: medially rotate, extend, adduct

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13
Q

Deltoid innervation, function, testing

A

Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: medially rotate
Testing: abduct against resistance

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14
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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15
Q

Most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle

A

Supraspinatus

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16
Q

Separation (AC joint dislocation)

A

Involves injury to AC joint, complete separation involves rupture of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

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17
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of subdeltoid or subacromial bursa

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18
Q

What can be torn when trying to carry too much?

A

Supraspinatus tendon

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19
Q

Drop arm test

A

ask patient to lower arm from 90 degrees of abduction; failure to lower the arm in a smooth, controlled fashion or with pain suggests a tear of the supraspinatus tendon

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20
Q

What does a dislocation of glenohumeral joint sacrifice?

A

Stability of the joint

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21
Q

Most shoulder dislocations occur…

A

Anteriorly, anterior inferior

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22
Q

Anterior dislocation (95%) description

A

Often tears joint capsule, and detaches labrum, can result in a compression fracture of the humeral head, may injure axillary or radial nerve or compress axillary artery

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23
Q

Posterior dislocation description

A

Can compress posterior circumflex humeral artery

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24
Q

What are infraspinatus and supraspinatus innervated by

A

Suprascapular nerve

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25
Teres minor is innervated by
Axillary nerve
26
Subscapularis innervation by
Upper subscapular nerve
27
Levator scapule and rhomboids function and innervation
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve Function: retracts and elevates scapula
28
Serratus anterior function, innervation, testing
Function: protraction of scapula (raise your hands) Innervation: long thoracic nerve Testing: abduct hand, push against wall
29
What can damage long thoracic nerve?
Mastectomy
30
Triangular space borders
Superior: teres minor Inferior: teres major Lateral: long head of triceps brachii
31
Quadrangular space borders
Superior: teres minor Inferior: teres major Medial: long head of triceps brachii Lateral: humerus
32
Triangular interval
Superior: teres major Medial: long head of triceps brachii Lateral: humerus
33
What is inside triangular space?
Circumflex scapular artery
34
What does the circumflex scapular artery anastomose with?
Superficial circumflex artery
35
Quadrangular space contains...
Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex humeral artery
36
Triangular interval contains...
Radial nerve Profunda brachii artery
37
Vasculature of shoulder/scapula
Thyrocervical trunk -> transverse or superficial cervical artery, suprascapular Axillary artery Brachial artery -> profunda brachii
38
Axillary artery is divided by
Pectoralis minor!
39
Axillary artery part one
Superior thoracic artery
40
Axillary artery part 2
Thoracromial trunk, lateral thoracic artery
41
What is buddy buddy with the lateral thoracic artery?
Long thoracic nerve
42
Axillary artery part 3
Posterior circumflex humeral artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, subscapular artery
43
Ligation of axillary artery between the thyrocervical trunk and subscapular artery will maintain
Collateral bloodflow to the UE via the scapular collateral network
44
Compression site for axillary artery
Anterior to teres major, proximal humerus
45
Axillary vein laceration
The cephalic vein MUST BE preserved as it becomes the only vein returning blood to UE
46
If penetrating trauma occurs on axillary vein, risk of
Air embolism
47
Spinal nerves of axillary nerve
C5 - C6
48
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus impacts
Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery
49
Nerve injured with shaft of humerus
Radial nerve
50
Nerve injured with fracture with medial humeral epicondyle
Ulnar nerve
51
What muscles are innervated by axillary nerve
Deltoid and teres minor
52
What initiates abduction of arm?
Supraspinatus muscle
53
What tendon goes through shoulder joint
Long head of biceps
54
Most commonly fractured bone in UE
Clavicle
55
Chief flexor/extensor of shoulder joint
Deltoid
56
What can cause winged scapula?
Long thoracic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, dorsal scapular nerve
57
Risk of injury during clavicle fracture
Suprascapular VAN -> supraclavicular nerves, brachial plexus, subclavian vein
58
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) injury causes
Entrapment as it passes through the middle scalene muscle; injury results in a partially protracted scapula; weakness in elevation and retraction
59
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) injury
Injury at the suprascapular notch, clavicle fracture = weakness/atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
60
Thoracodorsal (C5-C6) nerve
• In danger during mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection or trauma to axilla • Paralysis of latissimus dorsi - weakness in adduction/extension/medial rotation of humerus

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 (25 decks)

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