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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 > Anterior & Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

The femoral triangle is the major…

A

Transitional area

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2
Q

What forms the vascular portion of the thigh?

A

Femoral sheath

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3
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Protrusion of abdominal contents into the femoral canal

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4
Q

Who is more common to get femoral hernias?

A

Females

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5
Q

Where are femoral hernias located?

A

Inferior to inguinal ligament

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6
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial, posterior

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7
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve and anterior rami from the lumbar plexus (L1-4)

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8
Q

What nerve levels are the femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

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9
Q

What is the medial compartment innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve at levels L2-4

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10
Q

What is the posterior compartment innervated by?

A

Sciatic nerve at L5-S2

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11
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip flexion, knee extension

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12
Q

Key concept to remember

A

If it crosses the joint, it ACTS on the joint

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13
Q

What is the primary function of the medial compartment

A

Adduction @ hip
Closing the legs

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14
Q

What is the floor of the femoral triangle made of?

A

Iliacus, pectineus, psoas major

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15
Q

What is the mnemonic for the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

NAVL -> femoral nerve, femoral artery, vena cava, lymphatics

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16
Q

What lymphatic nodes are in the femoral triangle?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes, deep inguinal node (eloquets node)

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17
Q

What comes off the femoral vein?

A

The great saphenous vein

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18
Q

What vein is used in bypass surgery?

A

Great saphenous vein

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19
Q

What is the sublingual hiatus made of?

A

NAVL

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20
Q

What is the femoral sheath derived from?

A

Transversalis and iliac fascia

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21
Q

What are the spaces in the femoral sheath? What do they enclose?

A

Lateral -> femoral artery
Intermediate -> femoral vein
Medial -> femoral canal

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22
Q

What is the most important space of the femoral sheath?

A

Medial -> femoral canal

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23
Q

Describe a femoral nerve block

A

During knee surgery, need to anesthetize the nerve using bony landmarks

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24
Q

What is most at risk during a femoral nerve block?

A

Femoral artery

25
Q

Describe a femoral angiogram

A

Can see both the celiac and coronary arteries

26
Q

What is most at risk during an angiography?

A

Nerve + vein

27
Q

What is most at risk during cannulation of the femoral vein?

A

Femoral artery

28
Q

What does a femoral hernia go through?

A

The femoral ring

29
Q

Where can a femoral hernia emerge from?

A

Saphenous opening and ascend superficial to the inguinal ligament

30
Q

What can a femoral hernia look like?

A

Inguinal hernia

31
Q

What can a femoral hernia be strangulated by?

A

Pectineal ligament, lacunar ligament, or the saphenous opening

32
Q

What are we most concerned a femoral hernia will be strangulated by?

A

Lacunar ligament

33
Q

What is included inside a femoral hernia? Layer by layer?

A

Loops of intestine covered by skin, superficial fascia, femoral sheath (canal inside), and visceral peritoneum

34
Q

What do the hamstrings transmit?

A

Adductor hiatus

35
Q

What is the femoral artery a direct continuation of?

A

External iliac

36
Q

What is the adductor hiatus’s main purpose?

A

Gateway for the femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa

37
Q

What is the name change when we enter the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal vessels

38
Q

Iliopsoas innervation, function, attachment

A

Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: Flexes hip joint, laterally rotates
Attachment: lesser trochanter of femur

39
Q

What is a psoas abscess?

A

Occurence due to tuberculosis reaching the bone -> gets into psoas muscle by creeping into the investing fascia
Mass is groin (abscess) -> filled with pus, with high WBC and fever, lateral to femoral triangle

40
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment

A

Sartorius and quadriceps femoris

41
Q

Function and innervation of anterior compartment

A

Function: flexes thigh, flexes hip (rectus femoris + sartorius), extends the knee
Innervation: femoral nerve

42
Q

What four components make up quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialias

43
Q

What portion of the quadriceps are clinically important?

A

Vastus medialis

44
Q

Vastus medialias clinical significance

A

Atrophy of knee disease -> first portion to give through
When weak, may result in improper tracking of the patella = patellofemoral syndrome or patellar dislocation

45
Q

Femoral nerve -> important notes

A

Lots of branches
Muscular branches
Femoral nerve goes all the way down
Innervates skin in compartments -> cutaneous nerve

46
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator externes, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (obturator and hamstring part), adductor minimus, gracilis

47
Q

Which muscle is the exception of the medial compartment? Why is it an exception?

A

Pectineus -> innervated by FEMORAL nerve

48
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment innervated by? What are the functions?

A

Obturator nerve, adductors

49
Q

What is the major arterial support of anterior & medial thigh?

A

Femoral artery

50
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac, superficial external pudendal, deep external pudendal, muscular, deep (profunda) femoral, descending genicular

51
Q

What is the most clinicially related branch of the femoral artery? Why is it important?

A

Branch of deep (profunda) femoral artery -> MEDIAL FEMORAL CIRCUMFLEX
Medial femoral circumflex -> main blood supply at the femoral head

52
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus

53
Q

What is the structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve

54
Q

What is the structure immediately medial to the femoral artery in femoral sheath?

A

Femoral vein

55
Q

What are contents of the femoral canal?

A

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

56
Q

What is the medial boundary of femoral ring?

A

Lacunar ligament

57
Q

What is the chief flexor of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas

58
Q

What artery goes to head of femur?

A

Medial femoral circumflex

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy - Back/UE/LE 2022 (25 decks)

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